1151 Current Affairs (American Elections-Bernie Sanders), Lathi charges against women of Amaravati Capital Region, Supreme Court Justice Shri Gupta's observations on Freedom of Expression), Vyasa Mahabhagavata, Shringara Satakam, English GrammarVyasa Mahabharata

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS TEST No.

Here is a 10 Multiple Choice Question Test on your favorite subject. Some Qs are actual Examination Questions, ABRIDGED & EDITED for brevity, and to facilitate easier comprehension. Actual Exam. Qs were lengthy and circumlocutive. Qs can be answered online, and score can be checked by clicking ~showprogress~ box at the end of any Q. There are minus marks of 0.25 (quarter mark) for each wrong answer. If any Qs are left out, there will be no change in score. ==Answers and explanations== for each Q can also be checked by moving your mouse on the word `mouse` at the end of each Q. You can try and retry any number of times.

1) COMPUTER LANGUAGES: Mr. Guido van Rossum is Conceiver of
a`Java b`PHP c`Python d`SQL --

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2) COMPUTERS: In UTF-8, utf=:
a`Uniform Transformation Format b`Uniform Transition Format c`Unicode Transformation Format d`Unicode Transition Format --

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3) 19c INDIAN HISTORY: 'You will be nearer to Heaven through football than through the study of the Gita', is said to be a quote of
a`Gandhiji b`Patel c`Narendra Modi d`Swami Vivekananda --

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4) JAPANESE CULTURE: The word 'KATANA' is associated with
a`dwarfing of plants b`flower arrangements c`paper cutting d`martial arts --

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5) INDIAN GEOGRAPHY: SABARMATI RIVER originates in
a`Gujarat b`Rajasthan c`Madhya Pradesh d`Uttar Pradesh --

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6) 20c. INDIAN HISTORY: SABARMATI ASHRAM (also called Satyagraha Ashram) which Donald Trump visited in 2020, was founded in
a`1914 b`1915 c`1916 d`1917 --

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7) WORLD GEOGRAPHY: TROPIC OF CAPRICORN does not pass through:
a`Namibia b`South Africa c`Botswana d`Tanzania --

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8) ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY: Sambhar Salt Lake, India's largest inland salt lake is in ___:
a`Gujarat b`Rajasthan c`Tamil Nadu d`Andhra Pradesh --

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9) ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY: Largest saltwater lake of Asia. Chilika lake is in ___:
a`Gujarat b`Rajasthan c`Odisa d`Andhra Pradesh --

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10) ZOOLOGY: FLYING FOXES are resemble ___:
a`kites b`bats c`vultures d`storks --

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11) PHYSICS: Kerosene Lamps work on ___ action through flat wicks.
a`solvent b`adsorption c`capillary d`all --

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12) PHYSICS: A Washing machine uses ___Principle.
a`centrifugation b`sublimation c`osmosis d`diffusion --

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13) ENGLISH, AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION: "Mr. Bernie Sanders, along with Elizabeth Warren, has embraced policies that are popular on the left and nowhere else: a ban on fracking. (New York Times)". 'Fracking' is a term used in the context of:
a`illegal immigration b`shale oil production c`healthcare insurance d`gun control --

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14) ENGLISH: "Art of peeling off voters- those in the middle or those who aren't ideological- may be the most important skill in politics. It doesn't require a mushy centrist policy agenda, either. (New York Times) ". In the context of this sentence, identify the word which is the nearest in meaning to the word 'mushy':
a`soft b`hard c`vague d`wary --

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15) CURRENT AFFAIRS OF BUDGETING 2020-21: India's Fiscal Deficit target, for the FY 2020-21 projected by Ms. Nirmala Sitaraman, Finance Minister is:
a`2.3% b`3.5% c`5.5% d`8% --

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TODAY'S highlights:

Mr. Bernie Sanders should visit India to spread the Message of Socialism:

1. Here is a Link to a New York Times (nytimes.com) article, titled: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/23/opinion/bernie-sanders-trump-2020.html: 'Bernie Sanders Is Making a Big Mistake' by the Opinion Columnist David Leonhardt.
2. Well, I have a different set of views about what Mr. David Leonhardt wrote, but I respect his views. Interested Readers of mine can read them.


3. Today (23rd Feb. 2020) Mr. Donald Trump, the reigning President, visited India, and has been received by the Hon. PMOI Shri Narendra Modi with great fanfare. Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation and the Gujarat Government are reported to have spent about Rs. one billion, on the arrangements for hosting Mr. Trump at Ahmedabad, and for beautifying and refurbishing his Motorcade Path from Ahmedabad Airport to the Motera Stadium where he has addressed a Huge gathering. It has also been reported that a wall has been built to mask the slums from Mr. Trump's view, on the road from Ahmedabad to Gandhinagar.


4. Many critics view that Mr. Trump's visit to India at this juncture is intended to gather votes from NRIs and PIOs, in the ensuing American Presidential Elections 2020, through a Public Relations Exercise.


5. I wish that, irrespective of whether Mr. Bernie Sanders wins Democratic Party's Nomination, and /or ultimately the Presidential Contest, Mr. Bernie Sanders should visit India to spread the message of Socialism. I wish that the two major Communist Parties of India i.e. CPI and CPIM should invite Mr. Bernie Sanders to India, and talk to Indian Audiences about Socialism, making it clear to him that Communist Parties in India do not have enough moneys to accord him a welcome on par with the Reception extended to Mr. Trump. Funds of State and Central Governments were spent for hosting Mr. Trump. Except Kerala Government, Communist Parties are not in power in any other State. And Kerala Government has an ethical obligation to spend Public Moneys on receiptions. Hence, Mr. Bernie Sanders should not expect big Receiptions in India, but he can be assured of friendliness and warmth.


6. Even if he is elected as Prez to replace Mr. Trump, Mr. Bernie Sanders cannot really initiate radical reforms. In ybrao-a-donkey's personal view, for initiating radical reforms to establish Socialism / Marxism / Communism, needs at least two Communist /Socialist Parties. That is both the Ruling Party and the main Opposition party should be Socialists, and they should have a common goal of installing Socialism. Having two dominant Communist / Socialist Parties will be a distant dream both in USA and India.


7. If there is only a single Communist /Socialist Party which is elected to Power, and the Opposition consists of the Capitalists or their supporters , then the Ruling Party cannot initiate drastic reforms such as Removal of Private Property. Such an attempt can only lead to a Civil War in the country.



8. DECCAN CHRONICLE DOT COM'S EDITORIAL ABOUT SYCOPHANCY IN JUDICIARY IS WORTH READING:



9. Here is the link to this Editorial dated 24.02.2020 : https://www.deccanchronicle.com/opinion/dc-comment/240220/judges-praise-of-pm-height-of-sycophancy.html. The context was, an International Conference titled 'Judiciary in a Changing World', attended by Judges from 20 countries.


10. Some of the phrases used by the 3rd Seniormost Justice Shri Arun Kumar Mishra are interesting.



11. "...an internationally acclaimed visionary...".



12. 
    
    "...versatile genius who thinks globally and acts locally...".


13. 
    
    "...inspiring speech which would act as a catalyst in initiating the deliberations and setting the agenda for the conference..."


14. DeccanChronicle's observation about a few recent cases adjudicated by the Supreme Court is worth noting:



15. "...In the annals of India’s judiciary, the Supreme Court has keeled before the executive in the past (as during the Emergency) and is perceived to be doing so to this day. The Ayodhya case, the Judge Loya case, silence on habeas corpus matters pertaining to Kashmir, and the manner of handling the Rafale issue, have left much to be desired, and raised questions. However, it is hard to recall words that parallel Justice Mishra’s in praise of the PM. ...".



16. I often appreciate in silence within my conscience and consciousness, the quality of Editorials of DeccanChronicle, because the Editor(he-she) writes exactly in the manner I wish[ed] to write in my blogs. Owing to paucity of time, while I still brood over the News item, DC's Editor will pour out profusely as if he has transcended into my mind and grasped its gyrations and vibrations. Not only in the case of Justice Arun Kumar Mishra's speech, but earlier also this transcendence of Editor into my mind happened. Today, I am writing this eulogy to the Editor openly, although it may appear as though I am also engaging myself in sycophancy. DC's Editors save my time, and effort. Why rediscovering Rome? Why reinventing Wheel? Giving a Link will become adequate.


17. However, I just think of a chance to test my hypothesis . Today, there is a News item in DC, 1st page. It is about views expressed by Supreme Court Justice Deepak Gupta. Title: "Dissent isn't anti-national". Venue: Indian Law Institute. Date 24.02.2020 . Context: A function organised by Supreme Court Bar Association, New Delhi. While what he spoke at this Inaugural Function sounded so sweet to my ears like Ghantasala's or KLSaigal's song, my mind lingers around a doubt: 'Did he really intend those sweet things?', or was he singing "E rOTi daggara A rOTi pATa" (Telugu proverb: Singing that song which is required at that particular Grinding Stone).


18. Anecdote for this Telugu proverb: In good old days when there were no rice and flour mills, people used to pound paddy and grains, using pestles in a grinding stone called 'rOlu'. At each grinding stone, pounding the paddy/grains with pestles, there used to be three or four men/women/both, singing folk songs, to reduce their monotony and tiredness. During festival season, simultaneous pounding may be going in different houses, on different grinding stones, with different rOlu songs. A person going to friends'/relatives' homes , if he finds some pounding going on, may join the rOlu songs and take up the refrains/choruses. A person visiting friends' and relatives' homes will also become a versatile genius in singing rOlu songs. Mr. Narendra Modi praising Indian Judiciary, Supreme Court Judge praising Mr. Narendra Modi, Mr. Narendra Modi trumpeting for Trump, and Trump trumpeting for Modi, will also fall in that category. If Trump goes to Pakisthan, he will sing a rOlu song which will please Imran Khan. Ordinarily Trump's trumpeting will be limited only to Heads of UK and EU countries, and vice versa.


19. Back to Justice Deepak Gupta's pearls of Wisdom showering from His mind:



20. "...Criticising the government is not the same as criticising the country and those dissenting peacefully against the government cannot be dubbed as anti-nationals..."



21. "...A citizen has the right to get together (with other citizens) and protest but in a peaceful manner. The government is not always right. We all make mistakes. The government has no right to stifle a protest unless it has turned violent. ...".


22. "...Today in this country dissent is seen as anti-national. Government and country are two different things. Dissent must be encouraged. ...".


23. "...Discouraging dissent has a chilling effect on free speech...".


24. "...dissent was at the core of Mahatma Gandhi's civil disobedience movement. Discouraging dissent also harms democracy ...".


25. "...A free country is one in which there is freedom of speech and governance by rule of law as opposed to the 'whims of a few'. ..".


26. "...Majoritarianism is the very anti-thesis of democracy. ..."


27. "...If some party gets 51% votes does that mean that the other 49% should not speak for 5 years?..."


28. "...A government in a democracy is for everyone, so each person should have a voice, a role to play in a democracy...".


29. "...The right to dissent was a valuable part of democracy not because the preamble enshrines freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship, but because it is a basic human right. ..."

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TODAY'S untrivia:

WHEN WILL THE POLICE BRUTALITIES ON AMARAVATI WOMEN WILL STOP? CAN'T INDIAN MPs BEHAVE IN A MORE CIVILISED MANNER?:

1. Ever since Mr. Y.S. Jaganmohan Reddy , the Chief Minister of Residual Andhra Pradesh State , mooted the idea of three Capitals for the Residual Andhra Pradesh State, the farmers and women of the Amaravati Capital Region's 29 villages are forced to follow a peaceful agitational path, having formed a JAC (Joint Action Committee).
2. Some YSRC Party leaders call the agitating Farmers and Women as 'Paid Artists'. There is little truth in that. But, some of the State's Police Officials also seem to believe it. Consequently, Police using large number of Constables, HCs, ASIs, and SIs DISPROPORTIONATELY LARGER WHEN COMPARED TO THE number of farmers and women participating in the agitation, has become noticeable. While the Police beat farmers and women with Lathis mercilessly, the YSRC Party Leaders and their followers seem to be instigating the Police.


3. In January 2020, National Commission Team for Women visited Vijayawada, and one or two spots in Amarvati, without listening to the agitating women on the Actual Spot, made some notes into their scrap pads and went away. What corrective action they have initiated nobody knows.


4. The High Court of the Residual Andhra Pradesh State was also approached by the agitators for Relief. The High Court also took up the issue su moto, and issued some interim directions to the Police. Link for the News item: https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2020/jan/14/andhra-pradesh-high-court-upset-with-police-crackdown-on-amaravati-women-protesters-2089343.html.


5. High Court's directions as per the above News Report:



6. The AP High Court, which took suo-motu cognisance of the alleged police high-handedness against the women protesting the State government’s three-capital proposal in the Amaravati region, has taken a serious view of the issue and directed the advocate general to file a detailed counter.



7. A Bench comprising Chief Justice JK Maheswari and Justice M Satyanarayana Murthy issued interim directions to the respondents, including the State government and Police department, to protect the fundamental and human rights of individuals.


8. These interim directions were to allow the public to leave their residences to attend their avocation to eke out their livelihood, to permit the public to demonstrate peacefully, permit them to perform customary/traditional rituals to the village deity/goddess, and not to enter the houses of villagers to conduct searches, except by strictly adhering to procedure contemplated in the CrPC.

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TODAY'S BHARTRUHARI--Sringara Satakam (100 verses of Love & Lust):

■sringara SATAKAM OF BHARTRUHARI: WOMEN, exceed swans in Captivating Talents ♞:

♛008. YEtAs calad valaya samhati mEkhalOttha
JhankAra nUpura parAjita rAjahamsyaha
Kurvanti na manO vivaSam taruNyO
Vitrasta mugdha hariNI sadrusaih kaTAkshaih.♝

♛The poet wonders: These girls equalling timid young deer with their askant looks, will they not captivate the hearts of men? The poet describes the capabilities of the girls and finds that they have excelled the male swans by attracting the female swans. Here, the excellence of the girls is in their elegant movement producing the "kala kala" sounds of swans. The bangles, the waist-ornaments, and the ornaments of the legs make resonant 'gala gala' sounds.♝

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TODAY'S KARL MARX :

1. ■KARL MARX & ENGELS , The Communist Manifesto♞: La classe des ouvriers modernes, qui ne vivent qu'à la condition de trouver du travail, et qui n'en trouvent plus dès que leur travail cesse d'agrandir le capital. Les ouvriers, contraints de se vendre au jour le jour, sont une marchandise comme tout autre article de commerce ; ils subissent, par conséquent, toutes les vicissitudes de la concurrence, toutes fluctuations du marché. English : The class of modern workers, who live only on condition of finding work, and who do not find any more as soon as their work ceases to enlarge the capital. The workmen, forced to sell from day to day, are a commodity like any other article of commerce; they suffer, therefore, all the vicissitudes of competition, all fluctuations of the market.

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TODAY'S EPISODE FROM VYASA MAHABHARATA ENGL. TRANSL.: :

1. ■VYASA MAHABHARATA TRANSLATED BY GANGULI, BOOK3, BOOK OF FOREST/m03199.♞:


2. The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Markandeya-Samasya Parva. Context: Pandavas were in a forest exile. Sage MarkanDEya visited them. The Sage was preaching to Exiled King YudhishThira.
3. One should feed Brahmanas with care on occasions of Sraddhas [post-funeral worship of dead ancestors], although those among them that are cursed or fallen should be excluded.


4. They also should be carefully excluded that are either excessively fair or excessively black, that have diseased nails, that are lepers, that are deceitful, that are born in bastardy of widows or of women having husbands alive; and they also that support themselves by the profession of arms.


5. That Sraddha which is censurable, consumeth the performer thereof like fire consuming fuel.


6. If they that are to be employed in Sraddhas happen to be dumb, blind, or deaf, care should be taken to employ them along with Brahmanas conversant with the Vedas.


7. O Yudhishthira, listen now unto whom you shouldst give.


8. He that knoweth all the Vedas should give only to that able Brahmana who is competent to rescue both the giver and himself, for he, indeed, is to be regarded as able who can rescue both the giver and himself.


9. O son of Pritha, the sacred fires do not receive such gratification from libations of clarified butter, from offerings of flowers and sandal and other perfumed pastes as from the entertainment of guests.


10. Therefore, do you strive to entertain guests, O son of Pandu! O king, they that give unto guests water to wash their feet, butter to rub over their (tired) legs, light during the hours of darkness, food, and shelter, have not to go before Yama.


11. The removal (after worship) of the flowery offerings unto the gods, the removal of the remnants of a Brahmana's feast, waiting (upon a Brahmana) with perfumed pastes, and the massaging of a Brahmana's limbs, are, each of them, O foremost of kings, productive of greater merit than the gift of kine.


12. A person, without doubt, rescueth himself by the gift of a Kapila cow.


13. Therefore, should one give away a Kapila cow decked with ornaments unto Brahmanas.


14. O you of the Bharata race, one should give unto a person of good lineage and conversant with the Vedas; unto a person that is poor; unto one leading a domestic mode of life but burdened with wife and children; unto one that daily adoreth the sacred fire; and unto one that has done you no service.


15. you shouldst always give unto such persons but not to them that are in affluence.


16. What merit is there, O you foremost of the Bharata race, by giving unto one that is affluent? One cow must be given unto one Brahmana.


17. [paragraph continues] A single cow must not be given unto many.


18. For if the cow so given away (unto many) be sold, the giver's family is lost for three generations.


19. Such a gift would not assuredly rescue the giver nor the Brahmana that takes it.


20. He who giveth eighty Ratis of pure gold, earneth the merit of giving away a hundred pieces of gold for ever.


21. He that giveth away a strong bull capable also of drawing the plough, is certainly rescued from all difficulties and finally goeth to heaven.


22. He that giveth away land unto a learned Brahmana, has all his desires fulfilled.


23. The tired traveller, with weakened limbs and feet besmeared with dust, asks for the name of him that may give him food.


24. There are men who answer him by telling him the name.


25. That wise man who informs these toil-worn ones of the name of the person who may give them food, is, without doubt, regarded as equal in merit unto the giver himself of food.


26. Therefore, abstaining from other kinds of gift, give you food.


27. There is no merit (arising out of gifts) that is so great as that of giving food.


28. The man that according to the measure of his might gives well-cooked and pure food unto the Brahmanas, acquires, by that act of his, the companionship of Prajapati {Brahma).


29. There is nothing superior to food.


30. Therefore, food is regarded as the first and foremost of all things (to be given away).


31. It has been said that food itself is Prajapati.


32. And Prajapati is regarded as the Year.


33. And the Year is sacrifice.


34. And everything is established in sacrifice, for it is from sacrifice that all creatures, mobile and immobile, take their origin.


35. For this reason, it has been heard by us, food is the foremost of all things.


36. They that give away lakes and large pieces of water, and tanks and wells, and shelter and food and they that have sweet words for all, have not to hear the admonitions of Yama.

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I undertake English, Hindi, Telugu language Translations. My labor charges: Ind. Rs. 110 per input page. E-mail input files to y b h a s k at g m a i l .com. No need to phone. Some of the documents which I have translated earlier: Sale Deeds, Public Copies of Sale Deeds, Sale Agreements, Lease Agreements, Mortgage Deeds, Land Records such as pahani-chowfasla, 10-1Adangal, Legal Notices, Replies to Legal Notices, Court Decrees, Police FIRs, Inquest Reports, Market Brochures, Employee Standing Orders, Letters to Govt. Departments, Letters received from Govt. Departments, Birth Certificates, Death Certificates, Marks Lists, Ration Cards, Ration Card Name deletion Certificates, Adoption Agreements, Divorce Agreements etc. etc.

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1111 Online Clickable MCQ Test 9524442 in General Studies

t95241f. ప్రతి భారతీయుడు , ప్రతి తెలుగువాడూ ఎంతో దేశభక్తుడై పోయి, తాము పట్టాభిషేకం చేద్దామనుకుంటున్నవాళ్ళు విజయకోట వీరుళ్ళు అవుతారా లేదా అని ఎన్నికల ఫలితాల కొరకు టీవీ తెరలపై కళ్ళు పొడుచుకుంటూ ఆరాట పడుతున్న సమయంలో thewire.in అనే వెబ్ సైట్ లో , ప్రభ్ జిత్ సింగ్ అనే రచయిత ఎంతో ధైర్యంతో, ఓపికతో, సుప్రీం కోర్టువారిచే డిస్మిస్ చేయబడిన జూనియర్ కోర్టు అసిస్టెంట్ కి సంబంధించిన అతి వేగం, సహజన్యాయ పధ్ధతులను పాటించకపోటం, అపరాధం చేసిందని చెప్పబడుతున్న, ఎంక్వైరీ కని హాజరైన జె ఎస్ ఎ సుప్రీం కోర్టుముందే పడిపోయి సృహ కోల్పోయి హాస్పిటల్ పాలైన జె ఎస్ ఎ పై ఎందుకు అతివేగంగా డిస్మిసల్ జరిగిందో కనుక్కోటానికి ప్రయత్నించాడు. దాని లింకు ఇక్కడ ఇస్తున్నాను. Click here to go to: https://thewire.in/law/surya-pratap-sing-ranjan-gogoi-inquiry-woman-complainant-supreme-court. ఆసక్తి ఉన్న పాఠకులు, ఓపికలు ఉన్న పాఠకులు ఈ ప్రభ్ జిత్ సింగ్ గారి పరిశోథనను చదివి, తమ అభిప్రాయాలను వ్యాఖ్యలను వ్రాస్తే ఆనందిస్తాను. ఆయన పరిశోథనను మెచ్చుకోమని కానీ తిట్టమని కానీ నేను చెప్పటంలేదు. సత్యాసత్యాలు కాలగమనంలో వెల్లడవుతాయి. దాచాలన్నా దాగవు. నా విచారం ఒకటే, మెయిన్ స్ట్రీమ్ మీడియా అన్నివార్తలను తొక్కిపెట్టకుండా, లేక అతిశయించకుండా సత్యాలను స్తాయలు గానే ఎందుకు ప్రచురించలేవు అనేదే.

ఈ మధ్య ౯౫ఏళ్ళ మా తండ్రి ఆరోగ్యం సరిలేక నేను టీవీ తెలుగు చానెల్స్ లో ఎన్నికల ఫలితాల కార్యక్రమాలు చూడలేక పోయాను. ఈరోజే తెలుగు ఛానెల్స్ చూడటం, పత్రికలు చదవటం జరిగింది. ఈ సందర్భంగా నేను గమనించింది ఏమిటంటే, (శ్రీ నరేంద్ర మోడీ గారికి , శ్రీ చంద్రబాబు, శ్రీజగన్, శ్రీపవన్ లకు నేను అభిమానినిగానీ ద్వేషిని కానీ కాదు), తెలుగు చానెల్స్, పత్రికలు గత రెండునెలలుగా గత ఐదేళ్ళుగా ఎన్నడూ లేని సాహసంతో శ్రీ మోడీగారిని విమర్శించటం చూసాను. ఈరోజు ఆయన గెలిచాక దాదాపు అన్నీ తెలుగు చానెల్స్, తెలుగు రాష్ట్రాలనుండి వెలువడే అన్ని పత్రికలూ ప్లేట్ తిప్పేసినట్లే కనిపిస్తుంది. ఈనాడు టీవీ మరియు పత్రిక గతంలోనే కొంతమేరకు శ్రీమోడీని కీర్తించి, ఎందుకైనా మంచిదని తనను తాను భద్ర పర్చుకునేది. కేంద్రంలో అధికార నేతలతో వంతెనలు కూలిపోకుండా జాగ్రత్త పడేది. నేడు తెలుగు ఇంగ్లీషు తేడాలేకుండా అన్నీ చానెల్స్, పత్రికలు శ్రీ మోడీని కీర్తించటం చూస్తుంటే అహో అధికార మహిమ ఎవరినైనా దాసాను దాసులను చేస్తుందేమో అనిపిస్తుంది. అదే శ్రీ మోడీ ఓడిపోయి ఉంటే, ప్రతి పత్రికా, ప్రతి చానెల్ కత్తులు నూరేది. ౧౯౭౭ లో జరిగినట్లుగా ఇందిరా గాంధీ అత్యవసర పరిస్థితి అత్యాచారాలను వందల పుస్తకాలుగా వ్రాసినట్లు (అవన్నీ ఇపుడు చిత్తుకాగితాల్లో అమ్మి ఉంటారనుకోండి, ౨౦౧౯లో మోడీ నియంత పుస్తకాలు పుంఖానుపుంఖాలుగా వ్రాసి పారేసే వాళ్ళేమో. పత్రికా రచయితలు ఇంతవేగంగా ప్లేటు తిప్పేయటం ఇది రెండవసారేమో అనుకోవాలి.

I undertake English, Hindi, Telugu language Translations. My labor charges: Ind. Rs. 110 per input page. E-mail input files to y b h a s k at g m a i l .com. No need to phone. Some of the documents which I have translated earlier: Sale Deeds, Public Copies of Sale Deeds, Sale Agreements, Lease Agreements, Mortgage Deeds, Land Records such as pahani-chowfasla, 10-1Adangal, Legal Notices, Replies to Legal Notices, Court Decrees, Police FIRs, Inquest Reports, Market Brochures, Employee Standing Orders, Letters to Govt. Departments, Letters received from Govt. Departments, Birth Certificates, Death Certificates, Marks Lists, Ration Cards, Ration Card Name deletion Certificates, Adoption Agreements, Divorce Agreements etc. etc.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS TEST No. trec1952442

Here is a 10 Multiple Choice Question Test in yr favorite subject. Some actual examination questions have been abridged/modified for brevity.
These questions can be answered online, and score can be checked by clicking `getscore` button at the top of the questions or at the bottom of the questions. There are minus marks of 0.25 mark for each wrong answer. If any questions are left out, there will be no change in score. Answers for each question can also be checked by moving your mouse on the word `mouse` at the end of each question. You can try and retry any number of times. Probably, you can download(save) into your mobile, and use it offline.
While every effort is made to provide accurate questions and answers, no responsibility/liability for errors whatsoever, can be accepted.

1) 20c INDIAN HISTORY: SALT MARCH was part of
a`Non-Cooperation b`Home Rule Movement c`Quit India d`Civil Disobedience Movement --

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2) 20c INDIAN HISTORY: CHAURI CHAURA INCIDENT was associated with
a`Non-Cooperation b`Salt Satyagraha c`Quit India d`Home Rule --

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3) 20C INDIAN HISTORY: Who among the following was not associated with HINDUSTHAN REPUBLICAN ARMY?
a`Bhagat Singh b`Chandrasekhar Azad c`Guru Golvalkar d`Sukhdev Thapar --

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4) UTTARAKHAND PSC 2017 EXAM: 20C INDIAN HISTORY: HINDUSTHAN REPUBLICAN ARMY (ASSOCIATION) was founded in
a`1919 b`1927 c`1916 d`1928. --

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5) UTTARAKHAND PSC 2017 EXAM: 19C INDIAN HISTORY: GOVERNOR GENERAL OF INDIA DURING 1857 MUTINY, was Lord:
a`Dalhousie b`Amherst c`Canning d`Curzon --

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6) 19C INDIAN HISTORY: JAMES ANDREW RAMSAY was original name of Lord
a`Dalhousie b`Canning c`Lord North d`Lord Curzon --

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7) UTTARAKHAND PSC Exam: ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDIA: __is not an ancient race of Uttarakhand ?
a`Yaksha b`Nag c`Khasi d`Kinnar --

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8) UTTARAKHAND PSC EXAM: 19C INDIAN HISTORY: Battle of Khurbura was fought in the year
a`1800 A.D. b`1804 A.D. c`1710 A.D. d`1805 A.D. --

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9) UTTARAKHAND PSC EXAM: 19C INDIAN HISTORY: Treaty of Sigauli took place in the year
a`1800 A.D. b`1803 A.D. c`1805 A.D. d`1815 A.D. --

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10) 19C INDIAN HISTORY: IMPORTANCE OF SIGAULI TREATY is DEMARCATION OF BOUNDARY with
a`Nepal b`Bhutan c`Sikkim d`Tibet --

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11) UTTARAKHAND PSC EXAM: 20C INDIAN HISTORY: MOVEMENT AGAINST DEFORESTATION at RENI village, Chamoli, was led by
a`Sunder Lal Bahuguna b`Chandi Prasad Bhatt c`Gaura Devi d`Kalyan Rawat --

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1107 Testing time for Supreme Court to demonstrate that Justice is superior to Institutions and Heads of Institutions

952a13. కోర్టు ధిక్కార నేరం రుద్దుతారనే భయంతో మీడియా సంస్థలు ప్రచురించని విషయాలలో ముఖ్యమైనవి న్యాయస్థానాల నిర్ణయాలను గట్టిగా ప్రశ్నించటం. అయినా కూడ కారణాలు ఏవైనప్పటికి కొన్ని మీడియా సంస్థలు ధైర్యం చేసి అట్టి వార్తలను కూడ కవర్ చేస్తూనే ఉంటాయి. సుప్రీం కోర్టు ప్రధాన న్యాయమూర్తిగారిపై, ఉద్యోగం నుండి తొలగించబడిన ఒక జూనియర్ ఉద్యోగి చేసిన లైంగిక వేధింపుల ఆరోపణల విషయంలో రెండు వెబ్ సైట్లు కొంత చొరవతీసుకుని సంబంధించిన వార్తను వివరంగా ప్రచురించటమే కాకుండా, సుప్రీం కోర్టునుండి వివరణను సంపాదించాలని ప్రయత్నించాయి. ఆ జూనియర్ మహిళా ఎంప్లాయీ చేసిన ఆరోపణల సత్యాసత్యాలను గూర్చి అంతిమంగా నిర్ణయించాల్సింది కోర్టులే కాబట్టి, పౌరులు సత్యం కొరకై వేచి యుండక తప్పదు.

ఈలోగా ఆ అమ్మాయి ఫిర్యాదు స్వోర్న్ అఫిడవిట్ కోణంలోంచి ఏమి జరిగిందో తెలుసుకోవాలనుకునే వారికి ‌ఈవార్తను మొదట ప్రచురించిన వెబ్ సైట్ల లింకులు ఇక్కడ ఇస్తున్నాను.

Click here to go to https://thewire.in/women/former-supreme-court-employee-alleges-sexual-harassment-by-chief-justice-gogoi.

Click here to go to https://caravanmagazine.in/law/former-supreme-court-employee-accuses-cji-ranjan-gogoi-sexual-harassment

2nd May 2019 ఈనాటికి పరిస్థితి

సుప్రీం కోర్టు లో రెండవ సీనియర్ న్యాయ మూర్తి అయిన శ్రీ బోబ్డే గారినాయకత్వంలో, ఇంకో పురుష న్యాయమూర్తి శ్రీరమణ, మరియు మహిళా న్యాయ మూర్తి తో ఒక త్రిసభ్య కమిటీ అంతరంగ విచారణ చేపట్టింది. ఆతరువాత ఫిర్యాదిని శ్రీ జస్టిస్ రమణ ప్రధాన న్యాయమూర్తిగారికి కుటుంబ స్నేహితుడు కనుక తనకు న్యాయం జరగదేమోనన్న అభ్యంతరం వ్యక్తం చేయటంతో, మరియు ఇలాటి ఫిర్యాదుల విషయంలో కమీటీలో మహిళా సభ్యురాళ్ళ మెజారిటీ ఉండాలన్న గైడ్ లైన్ వల్ల శ్రీ రమణ స్థానంలో మరొక మహిళా న్యాయమూర్తి వచ్చారు. ఆతరువాత రెండు మూడురోజుల విచారణలో ఫిర్యాదిని-- తనను న్యాయమూర్తి లేక ఒక సపోర్టు పర్సన్ సహాయం తీసుకోటానికి అనుమతించలేదని, అంతర్గత విచారణను వీడియో తీయటం లేదని, తనకు బెరుకు కలిగించే సంభ్రాంత వాతావరణంలో విచారణ జరుగుతున్నదని, తనకు న్యాయం జరిగే వాతావరణం లేదని తెలుపుతూ, అంతర్గత విచారణనుండి వైదొలిగింది. తరువాతిరోజు జస్టిస్ గోగోయ్ గారు అంతర్గత కమిటీ ముందు నిన్న తన వాఙ్మూలం ఇచ్చినట్లుగా వార్తలు వచ్చాయి.

ఈ సందర్భంగా deccanchronicle.com వారి 2.5.2019 సంపాదకీయం చదువ తగినది

లింకులు:--Click here to go to DC dt. 1.5.2019 No audio video recording of proceedings.

Click here to go to https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/010519/no-audio-video-recording-of-proceedings.html.

It is not inconceivable that the woman's complaint is entirely fraudulent, malicious and motivated by dark concerns. Nevertheless, the jurisprudence we swear by gives the worst criminal a fair hearing and trial. The matter turns more complicated when a charge of sexual misconduct is involved concerning a dalit woman. It was all the more necessary in such a context to frame the inquiry process in such an open way that any charge of bias will invite ridicule.

That, alas, hasn't been the case. The Supreme Court, to start with, didn't establish an in-house inquiry panel with a majority of women. When this end was met on the complainant crying foul, the inquiry body didn't have any external entity, as prescribed under Vishakha guidelines.

Now the complainant alleges she was told by the three-judge committee headed by Justice S.A. Bobade that they were only conducting an "informal" inquiry, not proper in-house proceedings, leave alone proceedings under the Vishakha framework. If true, this is well below the standard that the country's highest court should be setting for itself.

The woman has said she was also informally made an offer of getting her job back (she is a sacked employee) and was asked to consider the reputation of the institution - the Supreme Court - that is in the public eye due to her highly-publicised complaint. This amounts to bribery. If the insinuation is false and malicious, she would not have been in a position to bring it if an audio-visual recording of the process - which she has demanded - had been kept from the beginning. ...

ybrao a donkey's personal view, not intended to be imposed on others: బాధిత మహిళకు ఎంత మేరకు న్యాయం జరగబోతున్నది అనేది మనం వేచి చూస్తే కానీ తెలీదు. అంతరంగిక విచారణ ప్రొసీడింగ్స్ ను వీడియో తీస్తే బాగుండేది. సుప్రీం కోర్టు పని ప్రదేశాలలో మహళలపై లైంగిక వేధింపుల విషయంలో గతంలో ఇచ్చిన విశాఖ గైడ్ లైన్స్, మరియు ఇతర ఆదేశాలను తన విషయంలోనే అమలు చేస్తే కోడలుకి బుధ్ధి చెప్పి అత్త తెడ్డు నాకింది అనే సూక్తి నిజం అవదు. ఇప్పటికైన సుప్రీం కోర్టు తన విశాఖ గైడ్ లైన్ల ప్రకారం అంతరంగిక విచారణలోకి ఒక బయటి వ్యక్తినైనా నియమిస్తే బాగుంటుంది. పైన వ్రాసిన దక్కన్ క్రానికల్ ఎడిటోరియల్ లో బాధిత మహిళ దళిత మహిళ అని ఉన్నది. పరిస్థితి సంక్లిష్టం కాకముందే, తన పరువు ప్రతిష్ఠల గురించి, తన ప్రధాన న్యాయమూర్తిగారి పరువు ప్రతిష్ఠల గురించి మాత్రమే ఆలోచించకుండా, న్యాయానికి ప్రథమ ప్రాథాన్యత ఇవ్వాలి.

I undertake English, Hindi, Telugu language Translations. My labor charges: Ind. Rs. 110 per input page. E-mail input files to y b h a s k at g m a i l .com. No need to phone. Some of the documents which I have translated earlier: Sale Deeds, Public Copies of Sale Deeds, Sale Agreements, Lease Agreements, Mortgage Deeds, Land Records such as pahani-chowfasla, 10-1Adangal, Legal Notices, Replies to Legal Notices, Court Decrees, Police FIRs, Inquest Reports, Market Brochures, Employee Standing Orders, Letters to Govt. Departments, Letters received from Govt. Departments, Birth Certificates, Death Certificates, Marks Lists, Ration Cards, Ration Card Name deletion Certificates, Adoption Agreements, Divorce Agreements etc. etc.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS TEST No. 952500

Here is a 10 Multiple Choice Question Test on your favorite subject. Some Qs are actual Examination Questions, ABRIDGED & EDITED for brevity, and to facilitate easier comprehension. Actual Exam. Qs were lengthy and circumlocutive. Qs can be answered online, and score can be checked by clicking ~showprogress~ box at the end of any Q. There are minus marks of 0.25 (quarter mark) for each wrong answer. If any Qs are left out, there will be no change in score. Answers for each Q can also be checked by moving your mouse on the word `mouse` at the end of each Q. You can try and retry any number of times.

1)WORLD INSTITUTIONS: RED CROSS is based at
a`New York b`London c`Geneva d`Paris --

progress

2)ARITHMETIC OF EXPONENTIALS: 3⁶ x 6³ =
a`157464 b`174654 c`165574 d`145746 --

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3)GLOBAL ECONOMICS : ECONOMY OF AFRICA : Country which has Africa‷s largest Stock Exchange :
a`Algeria b`Egypt c`South Africa d`Tunisia --

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4)BIOLOGY - TEA is an appetite killer because it
a`alkaloid b`acidic c`tannin jams up digestive system d`upsets metamorphosis --

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5)CURRENT AFFAIRS OF EUROPE: BND is a Foreign Intelligence Service of
a`France b`Germany c`Italy d`UK --

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6)NUMERICAL ABILITY FOR vulgar FRACTIONS: ¹/25 = ?.
a`0.25 b`0.4 c`0.004 d`0.04 --

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7)SYNONYMS and ANTONYMS - Synonym of Flummox :
a`alert b`allude c`awaken d`stupify --

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8)YIDDISH LANGUAGE is akin to
a`German and Hebrew b`Italian and Latin c`French and Spanish d`Latvian and Lithuanian --

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9)SYNONYMS and ANTONYMS - Antonym of Invincible is
a`Vulnerable b`unassailable c`wellprotected d`sur is eillant --

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10)SYNONYMS and ANTONYMS - synonym of MANIKIN is :
a`dwarf b`corpse c`giant --

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995 Social boycott is not a solution for the problem of Triple Talaq

Arguments have ended in the Supreme Court of India, over the validity of the Triple Talaq System in India. Supreme Court may deliver its judgement at any time, at its discretion. Discussing the triple talaq in this blog post will not in any way be a comment on the matter which is sub judice, Hence, we shall try to have a look into some issues and solutions connected to the Triple Talaq case. During the hearing of the case, the All INdia Muslim Personal Law Board has submitted affidavits which contain, inter alia, the following two views:--

The AIMPLB said qazis and imams will inform the wife that she can exclude the husband’s right to give instant triple talaq.

The affidavit said social boycott will help decrease the incidents of divorce.

Personal views of ybrao-a-donkey, which are not intended to be imposed on others:

Who will oversee that the qazis and imams inform the wife that she can exclude the husband's right to give instant triple talaq? Does AIMPLB have any statutory authority to issue instructions to the qazis and imams? Does AIMPLB have any powers to punish qazis and imams who fail to inform the prospective wives about their rights? Ans: Apparently not.
Does the AIMPLB have any right / statutory authority / legal powers to impose and enforce social boycott on those who indulge in triple talaq? Ans: Apparently not.

RELATED LINKS

Click here to go to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_India_Muslim_Personal_Law_Board .

Click here to go to http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-ready-to-ban-triple-talaq-in-one-sitting-aimplb-2447682.

Click here to go to http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/supreme-court-has-to-decide-whether-triple-talaq-is-unconstitutional-mukul-rohatgi/articleshow/58825758.cms.

According to the information available on the Wikipedia.org, AIMPLB is only a private, non-governmental organisation. It is not clear, under which statute it has been registered, as an entity. Here are some quotes from Wikipedia, about the status of AIMPLB:

"...AIMPLB is a private body working to protect Muslim personal laws, liaise with and influence the Government of India and guide the general public about crucial issues. The board has a working committee of 51 ulama representing various schools of thought. In addition to this, it also has a general body of 201 persons of ulama as well as laymen, including about 25 women. ..."

"... However, some of the Shias and Muslim feminists have formed their own separate boards, the All India Shia Personal Law Board and the All India Muslim Women's Personal Law Board, respectively but have failed to win any significant support from the Muslims or the government. ..."

"... The diktats and rules of All India Muslim Personal Law Board does not apply to Shia and Ahmadiyya Muslims in India. Ahmadis were not allowed to sit on the All India Muslim Personal Law Board, which is widely regarded in India as representative of Muslims in the country as most Muslims don't consider the Ahmadis as Muslims.

"...The All India Muslim Personal Law Board (AIMPLB) is a non-government organisation constituted in 1973 to adopt suitable strategies for the protection and continued applicability of Muslim Personal Law in India, most importantly, the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act of 1937, providing for the application of the Islamic Law Code of Shariat to Muslims in India in personal affairs. Some Muslims followed Hindu customs before 1937. The Act applies to all matters of personal law except such successions. ..."

Question: Is India, not a Secular country

Ans., a personal view of yb-a-donkey: India is definitely a secular country. From the purest definition of the word 'secular', we have to infer that State shall not have anything to do with relgions of its Citizens. It also implies that there should be only one law for all social matters. May be a Uniform Civil Code, or any other law, by whatever name it may be called. By enacting the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act of 1937 the British Rulers seem to have tried to DIVIDE AND RULE THE COUNTRY. While it is true that non-Hindus cannot be forced to follow Hindu Customs, there is nothing wrong in insisting that all the Citizens follow a Secular law applicable to everybody equally. After the bifurcation of India in 1947, by creating Pakistan, India ought to have, at the first available opportunity, annuled the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act of 1937. Reason: Such laws are not conducive to a secular country.

By helping in the formation of the AIMPLB in 1973, Mrs. Indira Gandhi, seems to have, for her Vote Bank Politics, botched up and created further cleavages in a secular State. She should have, undauntedly, resolutely, firmly, replaced all Religious personal laws with a Secular Code. The Secular Code, ought to have been got designed with the help of a Board consisting of Secular Lawyers, Sitting and Retired Judges, Bureaucrats, and other Secular Intellectuals.

Heinous practices followed in India, in the name of social boycotts

Social boycotts in India, in vogue for the last several Centuries, have caused incalculable damage to the social fabric of India and tortured poorer and weaker Sections of the Society in extremely grievous ways. This monstracity is irrespective of the religions and castes. Even today, there are some Indian villages where dalits are not being allowed by Upper Caste persons, to draw drinking water from common wells.

Allowing social boycotts tantamounts to perpetration of cruelty on Weaker Sections. Reason: Influential Persons in the Society will take / have taken the custom into their hands, and Rule of the Law will be a casualty.

The sufferings of Muslim Women, owing to denial of Human Rights, Natural Justice and Equity by Clerics, Kazis, Maulvis, Imams, Mullahs

The sufferings are too many. They cannot be solved just by social boycott of a few people. Serious Diseases need serious treatments. Balms and Ointments cannot cure them. Secular codes, Secular Administrations, Secular Enforcements, Secular Supervisions, Secular adjudications alone can ameliorate the ailments such as triple talaqs.

Someday, we may have to abolish or discontinue or dismantle the system of Marriage itself. True Total Socialism alone can help in that final goal.

Vocabulary help

sub judice/sʌb ˈdʒuːdɪsi,sʊb ˈjuːdɪkeɪ/ adjective : under judicial consideration and therefore prohibited from public discussion elsewhere.

boycott/ˈbɔɪkɒt/ verb : withdraw from commercial or social relations with (a country, organization, or person) as a punishment or protest. noun: a punitive ban on relations with other bodies, cooperation with a policy, or the handling of goods.

Source: net.

botch/bɒtʃ/ noun: a bungled task. Verb. 1. botch up - make a mess of, destroy or ruin; "I botched the dinner and we had to eat out"; "the pianist screwed up the difficult passage in the second movement"
Source: www.thefreedictionary.com/botch+up ‎

cleavage/ˈkliːvɪdʒ/ noun: a sharp division; a split. The hollow between a woman's breasts when supported, especially as exposed by a low-cut garment.

Undaunted: 1. undismayed; not discouraged; not forced to abandon purpose or effort: undaunted by failure. 2. undiminished in courage or valor; not giving way to fear; intrepid: Although outnumbered, he was undaunted.

grievous/ˈɡriːvəs/ adjective: (of something bad) very severe or serious.

To come back and continue adding / deleting / modiying. सशेष. ఇంకా ఉంద.

986 Real Question which needs Judicial Scrutiny seems to be: Is Marriage a Part of Religion? If there is proof for marriage as an integral part of religion, then the question of whether Triple Talaq is part of Islam will arise!!!

The decision which the Seven Judge Bench of the Supreme Court of India, led by Chief Justice of India, Jus. Khehar, is going to take in the Triple Talaq case, will probably change the Constitutional Legal History of India. As the hearing is a 'Summer Vacation Hearing', it may not be possible for the Bench to examine the other two relevant contentious issues of Polygamy,and nikha halala. Probably, the issue may have to get extended into the Regular Sessions of the Supreme Court. One important observation made by the Bench, which seems to set a sort of boundary for the scope of the case, appears to be in the following observation of the Court: "We have to see the test of essentiality and the government has to prove that 'triple talaq' is not an essential part of Islam as this will amount to tinkering with religion". The following few more observations are also important:--

RELEVANT LINKS

Click to go to http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-centre-has-to-prove-triple-talaq-not-essential-in-islam-says-supreme-court-2439472

Click here to go to: http://www.livemint.com/Politics/rNg8D2Omc723Xf7ozgCdEJ/Triple-talaq-case-SC-to-not-focus-on-polygamy-nikah-halala.html

Click here to go to http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/triple-talaq-polygamy-nikah-halala-supreme-court-centre-mukul-rohatgi/1/954030.html. Centre will bring out a New Law, if Supreme Court strikes down Triple Talaq

Important Quotes from Links

Mr. Mukul Rohatgi, Attorney General: "...All the three forms of divorce among the Muslim community - talaq-e-biddat, talaq hasan and talaq ahsan, were 'unilateral' and 'extra- judicial'. 'Yes, we can bring law. There is no law for past 60 years. It has not been done. But the court should first strike down these practices which are not in confirmity with the Constitution..."

Mr. Mukul Rohatgi, Attorney General: "...Issues of Muslim marriage and divorce were separated from religion in Shariat Act of 1937 itself and have been codified as personal law under Section 2 of the Act. ... Apex court has to test them on the touch-stone of the fundamental rights of gender equality, justice, dignity, gender discrimination and human rights under the constitutional provisions, including Articles 14, 15, 21 and 51A. ...Muslim women must have equal rights to property, succession, marriage and it should be non-discriminatory among the women of same class and other communities."

AG: "...When half the population of a particular community is not empowered, no equal opportunity is given, they are devoid of gender equality, then it does not pass the test of constitutional morality. ... Even if triple talaq is considered as an essential part of religion and falls under Article 25, the practice still has to be constitutionally moral. ... Even if talaq is considered under Article 25, it has to be related to the fundamental rights and should abide by the principles of gender equality, non-discrimination and justice. ... All personal laws have to be in confirmatory (conformity?) with the Constitution. ..."

"...Government has to first prove that this practice of triple talaq was not essential to Islam and only then can it delve further into other aspects. ...".

AG: "...it is not the apex court's job to interpret a religion. ..You cannot go into essential principle because it is not an ecclesiastical court. ... In Hindu religion, women used to practice Sati till the law termed it as illegal and obsolete. ... As far as Hindu laws are considered, various reformatory steps were taken but with regard to Muslim laws no such steps were taken,..".

Bench: "...Will only examine the triple talaq practice, under which a Muslim man can divorce his wife by uttering the word talaq thrice, and keep the remaining issues open." (Nikah halala requires a female divorcee to marry someone else, consummate the marriage and then get a divorce to remarry her previous husband).

AG: "...If the practice of instant divorce (triple talaq) is struck down by the court, then Centre will bring a law to regulate marriage and divorce among the Muslim community. ..."

AG: "...“Even Islamic theocratic states have moved towards reforming personal laws, ...”

AG: "...The scope of referring had all the three issues that was divorce, nikah halala, polygamy. All these three issues are before this court by virtue of the reference order of the two- judge bench. ... "At a time when theocratic countries like Pakistan and Afghanistan are moving towards reform, we being a secular country are still debating. ..."

Note: The above quotes are not in sequence. They are just indicational.

ybdonkey's personal views, within the limit of right of a citizen's freedom of expression, without disrespect to the Apex Court

The Attorney General's submission to the Supreme Court is that the Govt. will bring a legislation "a law to regulate marriage and divorce among the Muslim community." . This submission discriminates among different religions of India. A Secular Government has to bring a Single Divorce Law which will apply to all the Citizens of all Religions, without any discrimination. A truly Secular Government and its laws have to ignore the Religions of Parties.

NEARLY 2000 YEARS OF TYRANNY OF RELIGIONS ON INDIVIDUALS, SHOULD END AT LEAST NOW.

First of all it is to be proved that MARRIAGE IS A PART OF RELIGION, before Govt. of India can venture to prove that Triple Talaq is / is not a part of Islam. Marriages and Divorces are personal affairs. They are not part of Religions. Since about last 2,000 years, Religious functionaries such as priests, mullahs, pastors have started intruding into the personal rights of Citizens. For that matter, even prayers, and praying-methods are a personal matter of individuals. Priests, mullas, pastors and other Religious functionaries cannot intrude into them. Same is the case with the manner of dressing by individuals. Prayer-houses can probably enforce dress codes for their visitors, that too, when they visit the Prayer Houses. But, in what way they can interfere into how an individual dresses himself-herself, when moving outside? This applies to trimming beards, veils, burqas also. A person going to a prayer house, if his Religion insists that a beard should be sported, can wear a wig-beard.

The procedure of Religious functionaries solemnizing weddings in Prayer Houses should not have any legal validity or legal recognition. Such procedures, can however, continue to be allowed to be conducted in Prayer Houses, but with an Express Notice Board displayed in Prayer Houses, in BOLD AND LARGE FONTS, ATTRACTIVE COLORS, stating that WEDDING PROCEDURES TAKING PLACE IN RELIGIOUS PLACES WILL NOT HAVE ANY LEGAL RECOGNITION / VALIDITY, AND THEY CANNOT BE ADMITTED AS EVIDENCE IN A COURT OF LAW.

The Government of India ought to have offered to the Court, to amend the current Secular Marriages Act suitably, or repeal it and make a Comprehensive Secular Marriage and Divorce Law, applicable without exception to all the Citizens.

Why the Government is waiting for the Supreme Court to strike down Triple Talaq? Does the Government want to take shelter under the Supreme Court's Judgement, if some Sections of Islam object to Government's Offer to make a law? Government can take its own initiatives for making its Secular laws with FUTURE VALIDITY, so that the question of 'matter sub judice' will not arise. Even if there is any variance between the Government Enactment, and the Supreme Court decisions, Govt. can always amend its Acts. Or alternatively, it can request Supreme Court to review its decision, through a Review Petition.

If marriages can be regarded as NOT AN INTEGRAL PART OF RELIGIONs, then Article 25 of Constitution will not apply. Minority Religious Rights also will not apply. Govt. should make an enactment recognising marriages as SPECIAL Civil Contracts between parties. Govt. can also design some model marriage contract forms. Govt. can also define and standardize terms and conditions of marriages, with explanations for rights and responsibilities of both the parties.

To come back and continue adding / deleting / modifying. सशेष. ఇంకా ఉంది.

966 While triple talaq is a very cruel custom violating human rights, Mr. Narendra Modi could have allowed Supreme Court to issue appropriate directions on it

Every Indian, with the exception of a few religious bigots and fanatics agree that triple talaq is a cruel custom, violating human rights. The custom needs to be discontinued by all means, legislation, persuasion, social reforms. But our Honorable Prime Minister of India appears to be in a hurry. He seems to be in undue haste. This is particularly true because, the matter is sub judice, and the Highest Court of India is going to hear it on 11th May 2017 (only 15 days ahead). It is very much likely that Supreme Court may expedite its decision in view of its 'cruel' nature, and its paramount imporance from the point of view of human rights. The rising of the issue by Mr. Narendra Modi in Karnataka, which is due for elections this year, he has created a situation that he wants to seize the initiative from Supreme Court of India. Besides, an impression among people's minds may arise that our Prime Minister does not want to give due credit to the Supreme Court, and that he wants to emerge as 'Muslim nAri hridaya samrAT' (English: "Emperor of the Hearts of Muslim Women") , and wants to be hailed as their Messiah.

A quote of what Mr. Modi is reported to have said in Karnataka, on the occasion of the birth anniversary celebration of Basaveswara, a Kannada philosopher

'Don't politicise triple talaq issue',

"... protect women from the effects of the practice of oral divorce. ..."

"...“I am sure enlightened people will emerge from among Muslims and come forward to end this practice, liberating our Muslim daughters and mothers from the scourge ..."

"...“Come out and find a solution. That solution will have its own majesty and generations will remember you. ..."

"...show the 'path of modernity' to Muslims across the world. ... That is the kind of power and energy this land gives to all of us.”

" ... Reformers from the Muslim community itself+ will come forward to fight what (our) Muslim daughters have to go through (in the name of triple talaq), they will find a way out ..."

"... I also request the Muslim community, don't look at this issue through a political lens, don't let it go that route ..."

"...show the “path of modernity” to Muslims across the world. “That is the kind of power and energy this land gives to all of us. ...”

yb-donkey's personal views, not intended to be imposed on others

Mr. Modi is asking others not to politicise the issue. But, he himself is politicising it. Other parties have not raised it. Besides, the appropriate time to raise this issue will be : "after receiving Supreme Court judgement, and before implementing it".

Hon. Prime Minister has rightly identified the resentment and unrest in the minds of enlightened / educated Muslim Women, about the continuance of the obnoxious custom of triple talaq. But the timing is not apt, because it gives an impression that he is trying to use 'liberation of Muslim women from triple talaq' as a bait to capture their votes. But, it can be counter-productive sometimes, because he may be alienating Muslim Men from BJP.

SAUDI ARABIAN + Pakisthani TUTORED MUSLIM CLERICS MAY SPOIL THE MINDS OF MUSLIM MEN

Instigated by Saudi Arabian and Pakisthani trained Muslim Clerics may instigate the minds of Muslim men to such an extent that Muslim Husbands may not allow their wives to go out and vote in the 2019 General Elections.

PLIGHT OF BURQA/VEIL CLAD WOMEN

Day by day, the % of burqa clad women, face-tightly-tied with veil, moving on streets, is rising. They seem to be under pressure from their parents, siblings, husbands, neighbors to wear burqa or at least tightly tie their faces with full veil. Government of India ought to initiate a survey on the plight of women who are forced to wear burqa. Even during those surveys, majority women may inform that they wear the burqa/full veil on their own volition, and that there is no pressure on them to wear full mask. Burqa women need liberation from their hardships. But Governments cannot take hasty steps, which will lead to alienation, and conflicts between men and women.

All these issues are very slippery. "Slow and Steady" treading with "harmony and conciliation" are very important.

BJP LEADERS HAVE TO INTROSPECT

Many Indians view BJP as a party with 'HIndu Religious Agenda'. BJP also seems to believe that it is the sole representative of the Hindus, and Indian Nationalism + patriotism. If BJP's positioning itself as the savior of Hindu Religion is true, the right step for the BJP Leaders ought to have been to start with REFORMING HINDU CUSTOMS. For example, there is the custom of lavish expenditure in Hindu Marriages, and the CRUEL practice of extracting / extorting dowry from daughters-in-law and their parents. This practice is continuing in spite of Dowry Prohibition Act, and Sec. 498 of IPC domestic violence provisions. This dowry harassment and violence appears to be more rampant, quantitatively and in intensity, in BJP Ruled states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra. Uttar Pradesh.
See this link: Click to go to http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Dowry-death-One-bride-burnt-every-hour/articleshow/11644691.cms. Here is one quote from it:--

2012 Report: NEW DELHI: In a crime that is prevalent only in India, greedy husbands and his relatives harass the newly wed bride for getting more dowry, and often kill her in the process. And, very often, she is burnt alive. This horror is therefore called bride-burning or in official terms, dowry death.

In 2010, there were 8391 reported cases of dowry death in the country. That works out to a shocking one death every hour approximately. Bride-burning is on the increase — just a decade ago, in 2000, there were 6995 cases.

Another link of 2015, worth studying: Click here to go to http://www.smh.com.au/world/india-burning-brides-and-ancient-practice-is-on-the-rise-20150115-12r4j1.html

A quote from the above news report

"...Of the 671 bride burnings she knew of in the area surrounding Bangalore last year, only about 50 cases had been formally registered by police last year. Nationally, convictions are secured in only about 15 per cent of cases that make it to court. ..."

yb-donkey: If only 50 cases are reported out of 671 bride burnings at Bangalore, and conviction rate is only 15% of tried cases, what will be the position at All India level? Bangalore is also in Karnataka State, where Mr. Narendra Modi spoke. Why didn't Mr. Modi speak about 'dowry deaths' (seems to be common to all religions, as far as my little knowledge goes)?

TODAY'S ENVIRONMENT IS VITIATED WITH CONFLICTS AMONG ISLAMIC COUNTRIES, AND BETWEEN WEST and THE isis+taliban

We know that today's world is infested with terrorists. Some external elements from countries like Saudi Arabia, Dubai (UAE), Pakistan are trying to play with Indian Muslim sentiments and superstitions, by instigating some gullible innocent Indian Muslim clerics. In the circumstances, every step on our part will have to be very careful, discreet, and harmonizing. Any indiscreet step, hasty step can lead to long-drawn civil wars. Who wins or who loses in the process will be immaterial, because WEAPON SELLING COUNTRIES WILL USE THE OPPORTUNITY TO FISH IN TROUBLED WATERS, and the country will be ultimate loser.

A verse by the Great Ancient Sanskrit poet 'bhAravi's' work 'kirAtArjunIyam':
सहसा विदधीत न क्रियाम्
अविवेकः परमापदां पदम् ।
वृणते हि विमृश्यकारिणं
गुणलुब्धाः स्वयमेव हि संपदः ॥ (किरातार्जुनीयम् २.३०)

sahasA vidadhIt na kriyAm
avivEkaha paramApadAm padam
vriNatE hi vimrisya kAriNam
guNalabdhAha svayamEva hi sampadaha.
(KirAtArjunIyam 2/30)

సహసా విదధీత్ న క్రియామ్
అవివేకః పరమాపదామ్ పదమ్
వృణుతేహి విమృశ్య కారిణమ్
గుణ లబ్ధాః స్వయమేవ హి సంపదాః.
కిరాతార్జునీయమ్, ౨_౩౦.

Approx. Gist: 1. Nothing should be done in haste/hurry. (There is also a reverse maxim: Alasyam amritam visham. Meaning: When delayed, nectar can become poison).

2. Indiscretion can become a cause for great dangers/hardships and troubles.

3. Good Results and glory accomplished with virtuosity, prefer those who exercise discretion. In other words, an approximate inference. (subject to revision): Only those who exercise discretion can alone gain virtuosity, and good results.

VOCABULARY HELP FOR 'DISCREET' AND 'DISCRETE'

discreet, adj. : Careful and prudent in one's speech or actions, especially in order to keep something confidential or to avoid embarrassment. ‘we made some discreet inquiries’

Intentionally unobtrusive. ‘a discreet cough’ Usage: The words discrete and discreet are pronounced in the same way and share the same origin but they do not mean the same thing. Discrete means ‘separate’, as in a finite number of discrete categories, while discreet means ‘careful and circumspect’, as in you can rely on him to be discreet
Link to : Click to go to https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/discreet

To continue to add / delete / modify depending on lgal needs. सशेष. ఇంకా ఉంది.

931 (Part 1/3 series ) Third Ayodhya too will have to be taken into reckoning

Triggers for this particular blogpost: 1. Advice of Supreme Court of India, to the litigants of Ayodhya, about the Babri Masjid and Rama Janma Bhumi land, to opt for mediation and consultation based settlement. Supreme Court's offer to help in Intermediation. 2. Observations of Shri Garikapati Narasimha Rao, Telugu discourser, on Telugu TV Channel, titled 'Raghuvamsam', about Sita performing obsequies/oblations (pinda pradanam) to her father-in-law Dasaratha, on the banks of River Phalguni, at Gaya Vishnu pada tIrtham. This in continuation of my 194 posts made by me at my blog Click to go to my blog Ramayanayb.blogspot.com.

Pl. see the following study material:
Click here to go to https://www.jatland.com/home/The_Jats:Their_Origin,_Antiquity_and_Migrations/The_Scythic_origin_of_the_Jats#Where_was_Ayodhya_.3F

Where was Ayodhya ?

Without piling up anymore glaring discrepancies, we now address ourselves to the crucial problem i.e. where could that Ayodhya be where the Sakas, the alleged progenitors of Jats, had a dig in against king Sagar and consequently met their Waterloo?

The Jats:Their Origin, Antiquity and Migrations: End of p.191

In fact, there was an ancient city named Ayodhya or Ayodhin Ajudhan in the Sapta Saindhava country, the original home of the Jats or that of the Rigvedic Aryans, but unluckily it was not given the attention by historians it eminently deserved. It was first of all brought to light by Nearchus111, one of the generals of Alexandar, when he undertook the return journey to Greece along the Satluj river. The name is mentioned next by Waddell112, but neither Nearchus nor Waddell gives any information about the founders of the city. Bhargaval13 merely shows this city on the map in his famous book 'Geography of the Rigvedic India'. It is, as far as we know, the Imperial Gazetteer of India 114 and also Khalid Ahmad Nizami115, the biographer of Sheikh Farid-ud-din, that inform us that the Yaudheyas (Johiyas) were,the probable builders of the city. Precisely speaking modern Pakpattan in Pakistan is Ayodhin on river Sutlej, not far from Kasur, below Ferozepur; more or less opposite Harappa116. The foundations of Lahor and Kasur are traditionally attributed respectively to Lava and Kush sons of Rama Dasharathi.These cities still exist in the neighborhood Ayodhin. Kekayi's ancestors, the Kaikayas, who derived their name from their eponymous ancestor Kaikeya, son of Sivi-Ausinar, had their capital at Girivraj,identified by Cunningham with Virjak or Jalalpur on the river Jhelum (Pakistan)116a. As is well-known Kaithal near Kurukshetra was Kapisthala, the birth-place of Hanuman, the monkey god. All this geographical evidence goes to prove conclusively that Ayodhin was the original Ayodhya.

However, diving deeper into the ocean of history we are rewarded with invaluable light, the effulgence of which dispels the fog shrouding the mystery of Ayodhya or Ayodhin just as the rising sun makes the darkness of night disappear "with its heels on its head". As the name suggests, Ayodhin must be original Ayodhya, "the invincible city", founded by the invincible Yaudheyas of yore, who remained a paramount power in (hat region for a very long time in the past before their migration to the eastern parts of the Sapta Sindhu. Alexander the Great, who stormed the Panjab like a whirlwind, is said to have meekly retraced his steps back to Greece and Mahmud Gazanavi had to flee the field of Multan incognito and returned empty-handed to his country for fear of those warriors. Just as the Sakas, so are the Yaudheyas identified with the Jats. Anyway, the pertinent question we are now confronted with is, who were the Yaudheyas?

yb-donkey's views, not intended to be imposed on others

Right now I am not able to take Lahore-pakpaTTan as 3rd Ayodhya, although possibilities cannot be ruled out. More investigations may be needed.

For the information of my Readers:
Ayodhya-1 : Phaizabad Ayodhya in Uttar Pradesh, which contains the disputed Babri Masjid site. This is accepted by Tourist circuits as the original Ayodhya ruled by King Dasaratha.

Ayodhya-2: In my personal view this is in Bihar State, Kursela Town, at the confluence of the Kosi and Ganga Rivers. In Kursela, we have a place, which is popularly known as 'Ayodhya Ganj', because of its popularity as Mandi Centre between Delhi and Kolkata. About this place, I have already covered partly at my blog ramayanayb.blogspot.com. In my personal humble view, the Lichchavi Ikshvakus who ruled Vaishali in Bihar are apparently the Ikshvakus of Valmiki Ramayana Fame.

INVASION OF AFGHANISTHAN (KANDAHAR) BY BHARATA (3RD IN THE FOUR BROTHERS) WITH HELP FROM SHRI RAMA & Yudhajit (maternal uncle of Bharata)

Last volume of Valmiki Ramayana, called 'Uttara KAnDa' (=English: uttara=post, after. Post-coronation of Shri Rama on the throne of Ayodhya. kAnDa=Episode, story. Segment, Stem of a long narration). In Sarga 100 (Chapter 100), the verses which describe Bharata's invasion, can be seen, and studied. There was some bloodshed on a River in Kandahar. The object of invasion was, to add sufficient land to Rama's Empire, so that he could allocate some kingdom's to Bharata's two sons.

Lakshmana's two sons, and Satrughna's two sons were accommodated by gifting kingdoms in Central India.

By doing these distributions, Shri Rama ensured that the anointment of his own sons Kusa and Lova will not be disturbed by their cousins.

Some places bearing names of Lakshmana, Satrughna, Bharata, and their sons may be found near Lahore, or in Kandahar. That alone will not be sufficient to say that pakpaTTan was ancient Ayodhya, because when new places are colonised, the colonists have a tendency to name places at the new colony, by the places of their native locations. For example, European Settlers in United States 1600, named many places in USA, by the names of European Cities like London.

Another possibility

We may find a Rajiv Gandhi Airport in Hyderabad. That does not mean Rajiv Gandhi lived in Hyderabad. Before accepting that possibility, we may have to search for additional corroborative evidence.

I shall add some more material here shortly.

To continue adding / deleting / modifying. सशेष. ఇంకా ఉంది.