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Friday, May 22, 2015

513 Part 4 (NOT Final) of Tirumala Venkateswara, Vitthala , Vireswara भाग ४ तिरुमल श्री वेंकटेश्वर, विठ्ठल (पंधरपूर) और वीरेश्वर భాగం ౪ (ఆఖరు కాదు) శ్రీ వేంకటేశ్వర, విఠ్ఠల, వీరేశ్వర, భక్తవత్సల



Clarification: I am not a Christian Missionary. I am not here to convert people. As a matter of fact, I am against conversion of ignorant people from one religion to another, or from one sub-religion/culture to another sub-religion/culture.   Ours is a pluralist society, where we have to explore truth, within the confines of our limits, without hurting others.

If anybody feels, I have not provided correct information, or made a wrong or biased analyses, they are welcome to correct me by writing comments. I shall reply, to the best of my ability.

ఇంతకు ముందు వ్రాసిన మొదటి మూడు భాగాలకు లింకులు

Part 1:   http://problemsoftelugus.blogspot.com/search/label/508

Part 2: http://problemsoftelugus.blogspot.com/search/label/511

Part 3: http://problemsoftelugus.blogspot.com/search/label/512

Part 4, final part: This post.

The relationship among the names of the deities Venkateswara, Vitthala, Veerabhadra (Veereswara) needs a close investigative study. Vijayanagara kings seem to have encouraged all the three Gods in temple complexes. Lepakshi Vitthal Temple is the best example for this type of combination of Gods.

Tirumala-Tirupati, according to my initial survey, appears to be a pastoral temple, i.e. a temple worshipped by cowherds-shepherds.

We shall take for a sample, this Wikipedia description of the "worship-services (sEvAs) at the temple. Link for those who wish to study the entire webpage: Click


Early in the morning, usually at around 2 AM, The 'sannidhi- golla ' (cowherd) will go to the residence of the archakas on the north side of Swami Pushkarini, the temple tank. The golla escorts the priests who have been allotted the duty in the sanctum sanctorum that day. The archaka would have by that time had his morning bath, completed his nitya-karmas, including worship of his own deity. He will then offer obeisance the key of the sanctum and proceed to the temple holding the key on his head, accompanied by paricharakas, temple paraphernalia and music of drums, bugles and horns. The ' golla ' will be holding a fireband in his hand, and when the priest has reached the main entrance of the temple. The cowherd would go back and bring the Jiyyangar or his representative, the Ekangin to the temple. The Jiyyangar or Ekangi will come carrying on their head a box, which contains one key (duplicate) and seals which establish their administrative right over the temple.

Meantime, the temple administration representative would have come there with one key. The system is triplicate lock system with archaka, Jiyyangar and temple authorities having one key each. The archaka will first symbolically place his key in the hand of the Dvarapalaka on the right of the Bangaru Vakili. The priest will do pranama to dvarapalakas near the Bangaru Vakili. Then he will take the key from the dvarapalaka and seal is broken and the doors of golden vakili will be opened by Sannidhi golla uttering suitable mantras by archakas. The 'golla' will go first in to the Sanctum Santorum and will have first Dharshan, then paricaraka, jeeyar & archaka will go in and a curtain is drawn over the entrance. The golla will light the oil lamps inside the sanctum, while the priests replace the idol of Bhoga Srinivasa who acted as Sayana bera, the idol who slept, the previous night. He would have been ceremonially put to sleep on an ivory bed, with a velvet mattress during Ekantaseva. He will be lifted from that cot and will be taken back to the sanctum to rest near the feet of the Dhruvabera on the left side. That place is known as Kautuka-sthana. The height of the icon gifted by Samarai, the Pallava Princess does not reach even the anklet of the Dhruvabera. But all worship in the sanctum is done to this idol. The cot and the mattress are removed to a room called Sabera, the Lord's closet, on the northern side of the Sanctum opposite the Hundi, after the recitation of Suprabhatam is completed.

Bangaru Vakili is a Telugu word which means 'golden doorway'. Here the two doors are massive and gilt with gold. One should not miss studying these two doors in detail as they depict rare forms of Vishnu, conforming to the Agamas. On one door all the ten avataras (incarnations) of the Lord are depicted. The other door depicts the Para, Vyuha and Vibhava deities viz. Kesava, Narayana, Madhava and so on. Meantime in the Mukha mantapa the devotees for the Suprabhata seva would have assembled. There will be priests outside who will start reciting suprabhatam, stotra, prapatti. Mangalasasana verses composed by Sri Prativadibhayankaram Annan. While inside the Bangaru Vakili the antarala the golla with his fireband (torch) would have lighted all the lamps. The ekangin would have lighted the Brahmakhanda and sara lamps.


The bold lettered word 'golla' = shepherd-cowherd. The above extract clearly shows that the cowherd is given paramount role, in the opening of the temple doors every morning, and in the commencement of the temple schedule. This cannot be without a strong reason.

Probable reason:

Ramanuja Vaishnavas might have taken possession of the temple, with the decree of Vijayanagara King Bukka Raya (See my post on Part 2), the pact called "Bukka Raya Pact" (Telugu: Bukka raya Sandhi).

Vijayanagara kings themselves had a pastoral cowherd/shepherd origin. They might have had a Yadava origin. Or a Kuruba/golla/kuruma origin. The shepherds/cowherds of Tirupati-Bellari-Rayachur-Pandharpur area (in other words the river valleys of Krishna, Tungabhadra, Bhima) have worshipped Veerabhadra an incarnation of Lord Shiva (also called Veereswara, Beerappa, Biroba, to some extent Khandoba).


The gradual transformation of the cowherds/shepherds/boyas-palegars of the area from Siva worship to VishNu worship, to keep in line with the Hoyasala and Vijayanagara Kings, is itself a great saga of evolution of sub-religions in South India.


Vijayanagara Kings realised that there was an imperative need to combine Shiva and Vishnu, so as to fight against the invading Delhi Sultans, Bahamanies and Moghuls. Vijayanagar King's Name "Harihara Raya" is one example of this desire. Vijayanagara kings protected Sravana Belagola Bahubali, provided general protection to jains, and seem to have obtained an exchange of Tirumala Temple from Jains, for use by Ramanuja and his Jiyyars.

In the process, the two handed, one hand on hip, idol of Beerappa (Virabhadra) of the cowherds, was not allowed to be disturbed. The cowherds were also given a due recognition of their sacrifice of their temple, by being made "sannidhi golla" person to open the temple everyday.


But for the probable instruction of Vijayanagara Kings, the priests might have replaced the two-handed Viroba idol with a new four-handed conch-disc wielding VishNu, without serpant ornaments. There might not have been a need to cover the third eye of Veerabhadra with large white marks of VishNu on the forehead of Venkateswara. The Priests and the Jiyyars might have minimised the participation of gollas, in the daily morning opening ceremonies of the temple.

The use of chants of "Govinda" (Cowherd or Cow-protector, an invocation to Lord Krishna), also might have been an addition emphasise the importance given to the cowherds. Of course, there is a woven story of Srinivasa being given cow's milk when he was biding time in a snake-pit-hill. But that story does not stand reason.

These were my initial thoughts, even now they predominate my thinking.


In the quotation given above, the temple services give excess importance to "Jiyyars", whereas the temple reflects a pluralist integrated picture of four or more traditions Buddha-Jaina-cowherd-Saiva-Vaikhanasa VaishNava-Pancharatra (Ramanuja-Jiyyar) VaishNava.

Pancharatra and Vaikhanasa are two participants in this multi-cultural temple, but they cannot try to obliterate others gradually.  Govt. of Andhra Pradesh ought try to maintain a delicate balance among these multi-cultures.  Instead, it seems to be  more interested in making TTD a political azylum for post-seekers and even liquor merchants!

Government should concentrate more on making the Temple accessible to everybody right from the poorest-of-the-poor in the society to the rex. We see the Governor of Andhra Pradesh visiting the temple more than 38 times, some times more than twice a day, resulting in unavoidable inconvenience to the ordinary pilgrims.


The Vitthala temple complex at Lepakshi (Anantapuram District), to the best of my knowledge, contains all the three Gods, in the same premises, or in the surroundings. The temple was said to have been built by a lieutenant of Vijayanagara Kings. He was originally said to be a Veerappa (Birappa or Biroba) devotee, who had to change to Vitthala-Krishna wing, without parting with his pastoral god "Veerappa".

Question: What may be the difference among idols of Shri Venkateswara, Veerabhadra, Veereswara, Viroba and Vitthal (Panduranga)?

Ans: Shri Venkateswara idol at Tirumala is apparently not having four hands. But Veerabhadra idols all over India, mostly have four hands, in line with the Indian formal Gods, having more than two hands (they have to kill enemies). Veereswara seems to be midway between Veerabhadra and Viroba (Biroba). Viroba, Biroba and Vitthala (Pandu Ranga of Pandharpur) have two hands only. This is because, they are pastoral Gods of cowherds.

I still had a hunch that the idol of the mulavar (main deity) of Lord Shri Venkateswara, might not have been the original idol(s) worshipped by Jains, Buddhists, Veerabhadra Saivaites, local cowherds, and the Beerappa-Biroba of Karnataka-Maharashtra right upto the Vitthala of Pandharpur.  It might have been substituted by a VaishNava idol during the Bukka period itself.


Some videos are available on the U-tube, claiming to show the bathing and dressing of the Original deity of Tirumala Venkateswara, saying that they were extracted from a Video released by TTD in 1970's. Initially, I was suspicious that they were made by fly-by-night operators to maximise views and visitors, and thought that they might have been amply tampered with to suit their needs. Yet, I wanted to have a look at them, howsoever, restitched they may be. I selected a very short video of one minute, as my mobile net connection cannot endure the strain of receiving larger streams.

I am giving a link to one such video. But I am not recommending it as a perfect evidence for our readers or asking them to believe whatever the video purported to show. Click

This black & white video seems to have three stages. 1. While water was being poured on the idol. It appeared to me like Murugan / or a female Goddess idol. Though the conch and disc were visible in bright white color, I felt that it was a silver/gold plated silver attachment, which might not have been removed, or which might have been fixed on two small bulges on the stone idol.

2. The second stage frames contain an added white cotton garment covering the waist, chest across from left to right. There is also a white crown. The lean, downward stretched hands didn't apparently contain any serpant jewels. The lean person looked like a male religious preacher.

3. Then, the frames move quickly into the third vision, a black and white image of the God with all decorations. Suddenly, the idol becomes tall, head also becomes bigger.

It became very difficult for me to make any meaningful deduction as to whether it was Jain / Buddhist / Murugan / Devi / Veerabhadra / cowherd pastoral God / VaishNavaite.

Bewildered, then I went for another Google search of images of God's idols in India, for any idol which closely resemble the idol of Tirumala Venkateswara mulavar (principal deity). At last, I could fall upon a Vishnu Temple in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, with name "Bhaktavatsalam Perumal Temple". Here is the website which contains a photo of the idol in Bhaktavatasalam Perumal. Click

I owe my sincere thanks to Mr. Jaideep Prabhu, who uploaded the photo, together with an explanatory note, about architecture and the sculpture of the temple -- for giving me a temporary respite from the inner turmoil I am going through about Shri Venkateswara.
Click


The Bhaktavatsala perumal's idol is very lean, hands almost similar to the position of hands of Lord Venkateswara in the video. The only difference seems to be Conch and Disc. The Madurai idol has the conch & disc., while Venkateswara's idol does not appear to have. A perusal of the videos in circulation on the U Tube show one lean image of Lord with a cotton garment with no garlands, gold chains, numerous ornaments studded with gems, etc. This Video, and the  BhaktaVatsala Perumal's image by and large agree.

One thing has become clear from the above comparison. The current Venkateswara idol prima facie belongs to the VaishNava culture, in spite of not having conch and Disc. The idol might have been brought from Srirangam / Madurai area by Shri Ramanuja to Tirupati, in an incomplete stage of completion by a sculpture of South Tamil Nadu, owing to some urgency and compulsion. More evidence is needed to support this hypothesis, but we may not rule it down altogether at this stage. The prior existing idols/deities belonging to Jain /Buddhist / Saiva-Veerabhadra-Veereswara / Viroba-Biroba-Vitthala / cowherd cultures might have been moved to some other temples nearby, and smaller temples might have been built there.

Will Marxism (in your fantasy "Complete Socialism") close all temples, if Complete Socialism is implemented?

Ans: It is an ideal situation, and ideal solution.   But it will not happen, because people are gullible. People live on desires, ambitions and even greed. People live on apprehensions, fears, sometimes extending upto panick.

First,   people need a paradigm shift in their intellect (mEdha and buddhi) and analytical powers (viSlEshaNA Sakti). Either people have to learn these on their own, or somebody has to assist them, patiently, without forcing them.


Humans behaviors are peculiar, and often inexplicable. People accept many things on their own quite voluntarily without anybody prodding them, provided they believe that by going for a change they will benefit. Purchase of mobile phones, bikes, chudidars in the place of cumbersome sarees, haircuts, shaving, come under this category. (To be continued. Incomplete, as this blog post is becoming very lengthy).

Last but not the least, whether proper or improper, I shall write some personal experiences and views, as conclusive remarks:



ybrao-a-donkey's humble perceptions वैबीराव गधे के विनम्र अनुशीलनाएँ और भावनाएँ వైబీరావు గాడిద వినమ్ర అభిప్రాయాలు

I started this -Part 1 to Part 4- posts on Tirumala Venkateswara, when I had a trigger while thinking about KCR replacing Potti Sriramulu's name for Telugu University with Suravaram Pratapa Reddy's name, as if TRS Government is not going to start any new institution in Telangana in the near future.

Apart from Suravaram Pratapa Reddy's book "Social History of Andhras", I was deeply influenced by Alex Haley's breath-taking hair-rising book "Roots" which had its theme in an African-American trying to trace his origins four centuries back by visiting Africa.


While reading Haley's book "Roots" in 1982 August  on a midday, when a historic full solar eclipse took place, I had an idea that I should also investigate about my ancestors who lived during Vijayanagara period, Srinatha Potana period etc.   In Late Suravaram's book, I could catch hold of a verse of Srinatha, which somewhat gives an impression about my ancestors. About this, I shall write separately. This blog post is becoming lengthy.

As far as relevant to Tirumala Venkateswara and Veerabhadra, Gurappa, we shall discuss now, something autobiographical:--

In our clan (ybrao-a-donkey's clan), every generation, at least one male progeny had name of Venkateswara (or its equivalent), female progeny had name of Padmavathi or Manga tAyAru.

In 1963-64, weddings of my younger paternal uncles took place. Immediately after the ceremony, in the pendal, two of my relatives had God Venkateswara on their bodies (a sort of auto-speaking), and reminded them about performing "Veerabhadra paLLems" and "Gurappa PongaLLu", which was a customary tradition of our clan, during marriages, but ignored by my parental generation.

Immediately, those present there, broke some coconuts to God Venkateswara and God Veerabhadra, lighting some incense sticks, performing some camphor hArati, and pacified the sufferers. Thinking that a mistake was made during the marriage, my grand-father, father and uncles arranged for the Veerabhadra worship and Gurappa worship.

I was studying IX standard at that time.

These Veerabhadra paLLems involved worship of Lord Veerabhadra, with great devotion, the customs including piercing cheeks with knives, tread-ing with nail-bearing footwear, walking on fire etc., singing songs of glory of the God. Gurappa Pongals involved preparation of some special foods for Lord Gurappa, it also involved some bhajan worship procedures. I am unable to recollect.

I was keenly interested in history, during my student days, my mind always revolving around Sri Krishna Deva Raya, Durga Das of Rajasthan, Sambhaji (Sivaji's son), Tanisha et al. What gave me my greatest wonder for several months was, what was the connection between Venkateswara and Veerabhadra. Answer, I could find after about 50 years in 2015.

Another experience
My marriage was held in 1975. No Veerabhadra pallem and Gurappa pongali worship were performed. I was not an atheist at that time, but there were some doubts lingering within my mind, about God and his-her existence. My wife who was a staunch devotee of Sri Venkateswara at that time 1975, and even now in 2015, requested for a visit, with wedding clothes, to Jamalapuram Venkateswara Temple, in Khammam District, Telangana State*, before starting a new life.


In our clan, it is a custom, to make bride and bride grom to "fast" on the night previous to marriage. Our marriage was held at midnight (Night marriages is a bane in A.P.).   Hungry and sleepless, I was very tired. Yet, there was no alternative, we had to go to Jamalapuram.

This place is very near even to Vijayawada on Bza-Kazipet line after Kondapalli Station, we have to alight at Errupalem Station and catch an auto to North-East, 15 km. This temple is on a very small hilluck. We climbed the stairs. As soon as we entered the temple, inexplicably, I had a hysteric-stance, and mumbled something which they could not understand. As usual, they broke a coconut, lighted incense sticks, burnt camphor hArati. I was pacified.

Next few months, I spent on recollecting what could have/might have happened to me on the hillock in Jamalapuram. I came to a conclusion, that as I was physically and mentally tired, some mumbling might have taken place owing to some emotional disequilibrium.

Around 1983, I took my family to Tirupati-Tirumala. By that time, I became an atheist. But my wife wanted tonsuring of my children to take place at Tirumala. As a part of accommodative pluralism, I took them to Tirumala. At that time, when I entered the sanctum sanctorum of Tirumala Venkateswara, I tried to consciously gauge what was happening to me. Nothing was felt. The deity appeared to me like a material object. (In my 1973 circa visit to Tirumala, I had felt some subliminal divine experience). In 1973, 1983 also, TTD staff used to push people in the queue to move ahead, but push not as vigorously as probably in 2015.

Viewed retrospectively, my analyses: In 1973 I had some divine experience because probably I had faith in the deity, probably there was some strong smell of incenses being burnt, there were Govinda Govinda words everywhere around.


Many times I accompanied my wife and children to temples, and used to be present when they prayed God/Goddesses, though I myself did n't pray. I used to watch them, and the priests.

 "My not folding hands" annoyed the priests, and on the advice of my family members, I started acting like a customary devotee, moving my lips with folded hands, take tulasi/bilva water with reverence.


But one unfortunate day, some years back, before the temple's reconstruction, at Annavaram Satyanarayana Swamy Temple, I found a priest at a sub-temple in the premises, putting something in his loin-cloth and moving out in a suspicious manner.   He was sure that others were not watching him.  There were no CC cameras in those days.  But he forgot to remember that, his own employer Lord Annavaram Satyanarayana Swami, was watching him.


From that day, I stopped entering into Temples, even when I accompany my relatives. I take them only upto a certain point and send them inside, wait till they come back.

Around 2012, I was asked by my father to take him to Lord Jamalapuram Venkateswara.   As there was nobody else to take him there, quite unwillingly, I took him there. At the entry ticket purchase counter, when enquired the rate, I was told to pay Rs. 40 for 2 tickets, @Rs.20/- per ticket, which was quite high. Anyway, as I do not go deep into temples, I bought one ticket only and sent my father inside.

The booking clerk there, I do now know why, changed his mind, and said: "I shall allow you to inside freely without buying ticket. Pl. go inside."

I did not want to go FREE, without buying ticket.

Seeing my unwillingness, he said: "Why are you not going? Are you a Christian Missionary?"

Then I said: "God, if at all he exists, is said to be omnipresent, omniscient, and omnipotent (भगवान, निर्वचन के अनुसार, अगर रहे तो, वे, सर्वांतर्यामी, सर्व ज्ञानी, स्रव शक्तिशाली, है)(దేవుడు అనేవాడు నిర్వచనం ప్రకారం ఉంటే సర్వాంతర్యామి, సర్వ జ్ఞాని, సర్వ శక్తిశాలి). If I apply my mind, he will appear on the screen of my mind, whether I pray from here, or pray from inside your temple."

To clear his doubt that I might have been a Christian Missionary, I purchased a ticket of Rs. 20/-, and climbed the stairs, and went to join my father.

This time, I saw the idol of the God Venkateswara in an inquisitive manner. There were no divine experiences. If I happen to go to Jamalapuram again, I shall study whether the sculpture of the main deity or other deities, have any resemblances to Veerabhadra. I believe that the principal idol of the temple might have been changed during the renovation (नवीकरण, పునర్ నిర్మాణం) of the temple.

I got the marriages of my sons performed as per Hindu customs, as desired by my sons, with a condition that my part will be very limited, like a guest artist in a film. I did not tell them about the custom of Veerabhadra Pallems and Gurappa Pongalis, in our clan. They went to Tirumala and Jamalapuram many times. To know whether they had divine experiences or not, I believe, is not my business to enquire.

Were these people Saivas? VaishNavas? Jains? Buddhists? Sanatana dharm-ists? Christians? Muslims? They are the most ancient dwellers of the ancient India.

To be re-written correcting errors. संसकरण करने का है। తప్పులు దిద్దుతూ తిరగ వ్రాయాలి.

Links to Previous parts, succeeding parts of this particular subject


Part 1:Click to go to Post 508
Part 2:Click to go to post 511
Part 3:Click to go to post 512
Part 4:Click to go to post 513
Part 5:Click to go to post 584
Part 6:Click to go to post 597
Part 7:
Part 8:
Part 9:
Part 10: (To continue).

Wednesday, May 20, 2015

512 Part 3 of Tirumala Venkateswara, Veerabhadra, Neminatha भाग ३ तिरुमल वॆंकटेश्वर, वीरभद्र, नेमीनाथ భాగం ౩ తిరుమల వెంకటేశ్వర, వీరభద్ర, నేమీనాథ.



Link to Part 1 of this post:
Click to go to post No.508
Link to Part 2 of this post: http://problemsoftelugus.blogspot.com/search/label/511


Question: You have not written anything about the claims that Tirumala Venkateswara idol and temple relate to Lord Murugan, who is also said to have been called as "bAla" in North India, and also about the claims of Shakti worshippers that Tirupati idol belongs to that of "bAla Tripura Sundari", another name for Mother Goddess. "bAlAji", name used for Shri Tirumala Venkateswara, actually refers to Mother Goddess "BAla tripura sundari", one of the nine forms of Goddess Durga.

Telugu language: శ్రీ తిరుమల వేంకటేశ్వరుడి మూర్తి బాల సుబ్రహ్మణ్యేశ్వరుడిది కానీ (బాల మురుగన్), బాలా త్రిపురసుందరి ది కానీ అయి ఉండచ్చు అనే అభిప్రాయం ఉంది. ఉత్తర భారత్ లో శ్రీ వేంకటేశ్వరుడిని బాలాజీ అని పిలవటం అందరికీ తెలిసిందే. దీని గురించి మీరేమీ వ్రాయలేదు. కేవలం వీరభద్రుడికి, జైనానికి, బౌధ్ధానికి మాత్రమే పరిమితమయ్యారు.


REPLY जवाब జవాబు

The word "bAla" has two connotations based on its meaning as "young, child". Lord kArtikEya was also known as bAla Subrahmaniyam (also bAla murugan), and Goddess Durga is also known as bAla tripura sundari. "ji" is a suffix of courtesy in Hindi language. In Telugu, these titles are "gAru, vAru". The name "bAlAji" should, therefore, definitely mean either Bala Subrahmanyam (Lord kArtikEya) or Goddess bAla tripura sundari (another name for durga). The question, why the North Indians call "VenkaTEsvara" as "bAlAji" is worth investigating into. It, definitely, is not by accident or by randomisation. At sometime, this temple might have been a place of worship for either bAla kArtikEya or bAla tripura sundari, or even both .

బాలా అనే పదానికి రెండు సూచ్యార్ధాలు కనిపిస్తున్నాయి. చిన్న, చిరు యవ్వన అనేవి. బాల సుబ్రహ్మణ్యం, బాల మురుగన్ మొ|| పదాలను చూడండి. దుర్గ యొక్క రూపాల విషయంలో బాలా త్రిపుర సుందరి అనే దేవీ నామం మనకు సుపరిచితం. బాలా అనే పదానికి , జీ అంటే గారు అనే గౌరవ వాచకాన్ని తగిలిస్తే బాలాజీ అవుతుంది. బాలాజీ అర్ధం బాలాత్రిపుర సుందరి గారు లేక బాల మురుగన్ గారు అనే వ్యవహారం కొన్నేళ్ళయినా ఉండి ఉండాలి. లేకపోతే, ఉత్తర భారతీయులు వేంకటేశ్వరుడిని , వేంకటేశ్వరుడనే వ్యవహరించటం జరిగేది. బాలాజీ అనే పదం ఆకాశం నుండి ఊడిపడదు. ఇది యాదృఛ్ఛికంగానో, లాటరీ లాగానో జరిగి ఉండటం కుదరనిది. ఏదో ఒక కాలంలో బాల కార్తికేయుడు, బాల మురుగన్ లేక బాలా త్రిపురసుందరి అనే పేర్లతో ఇక్కడ పూజ జరిగి ఉండాలి.

Ans: There are some indications, but these may not be adequate to come to a conclusion.

1. Shakti temples seem to have significant number of lions on pillars, dome, door-panels, walls, etc. Tirumala temple too seem to have. దేవీ ఆలయాల విమానాలమీద, గోపురాలమీద, దేవీ వాహనమైన సింహాలకు అధిక ప్రాధాన్యం ఉంటుంది. పై చిత్రంలో చూడండి, శ్రీవేంకటేశ్వర దేవాలయ విమానంపై ఉన్న సింహాలను. దీనిని నరశింహ స్వామి అనే వారు ఉండవచ్చు.

2. In Tirumala deity is bathed with turmeric on Fridays. This is a custom in Shakti temples. శుక్రవారం నాడు దేవతా విగ్రహాలను పసుపుతో కడగటం, ఇది నారీ దేవతలకు కద్దు. తిరుమలలో శ్రీ వేంకటేశ్వరుడికి కూడ జరుగుతున్నది.

3. It appears that South Indian kArtikEya is depicted as kaTinyasta pANi (one who has his hand near lower waist). Tirumala Venkateswara's idol seems to fulfil this. కార్తికేయుడు కటి న్యస్త పాణి (నడుము పై చేతులు వేసుకునే దైవము.)

4. It also appears that temples of Mother Goddess, by whatever names they are called, mostly have a kaTi vilambita mudra (waist slightly bent and a hand resting on it). Tirumala Venkateswara's idol seems to fulfil this. నడుము పై కొద్దిగ హొయలు ఓరగా నిలబడటం, నడుము క్రింది భాగంపై చేయివేసుకుని అభయ ముద్ర ఇవ్వటం, ఇది తమిళనాడు దేవీ ఆలయాలలో ఎక్కువగా ఉన్నట్లు కనిపిస్తుంది.

5. Matted hair is a common trait both among Shiva & Shakti clan (includes Skandha, Virabhadra) idols, whereas this is not found in VaishNava temples. Tirumala Venkateswara's idol seems to fulfil this. శివ (అంశ అయిన వీరభద్రుడితో సహా), శక్తి, కార్తికేయ, సాంప్రదాయాల్లో ఉంది. వైష్ణవంలో తక్కువ.

6. Serpants as jewels is a Saivaite trait. నాగాభరణాలు శైవ మరియు శాక్తేయ ఆచారాల్లో ఉంది. వైష్ణవంలో కనపడదు.

7. Human women, and women Goddesses wear toe-rings, gold chains,. Tirumala Venkateswara's idol seems to fulfil this. భారత్ లో స్త్రీలు ధరించే మెట్టెలు, కాలి కడియం, గొలుసులు మొ|| మహిళా నగలు శ్రీవేంకటేశ్వరుడికి పెట్టే ఆచారం ఉండటం వల్ల మొదట ఇది నారీ దేవత అనగా బాలా త్రిపుర సుందరి అనే అభిప్రాయం కలుగక మానదు.

8. Abscence of conch & disc, essential for Vishnu statues. (Story of lending them to King Thondaman). Gold conch & disc are added to the stone idol. మూలవిరాట్ శిలా విగ్రహంపై శంఖ చక్రాలు చెక్కినట్లుగా లేరు. వాటిని బంగారంతో తయారు చేయించి అమర్చటాన్ని గమనించవచ్చు.

9. Tonsuring of head is said to be a common tradition of Murugan (KartikEya) temples in South India. Tirumala Temple has this practice. కేశ ఖండనలు ఆర్యులైన (నా అభిప్రాయం ప్రకారం) వైష్ణవులకు, శైవులకు మొదటినుండి అలవాటులేదు. అది మొదట కార్తికేయ భక్తులకు అంటుకొని, మురుగదేవాలయాల్లోకి వచ్చి ఉంటుంది (ఉదా పళని). శిరో ముండనాన్ని, వారు బౌధ్ధులనుండి, జైనులనుండి నేర్చుకున్నట్లు కనిపిస్తుంది. నీలా దేవి, గాయపడి తన శిరస్సుపై రక్తస్రావ ప్రదేశంలో కేశాలను కోల్పోయినందు వల్ల నీలాదేవి తన తలనీలాలను ఇచ్చింది, కాబట్టి అందరు కేశఖండన చేసుకుంటున్నారు అన్నది ఒక వివరణలాగా ఉన్నది.

10. Margasi festival (Festival during Margasira month, Agrahayana) is said to be a Saivaite custom. Tirumala Temple has this practice. మార్గశిర మాసపూజలను జరపటం.

11. Worship with bilva leaves is a Saivaite practice. Tirumala Temple has this practice. బిల్వ పత్రాలతో పూజించటం.

12. Performance of brahmOtsavams (annual festival, in the name of Creator) during Durga Puja days. దుర్గ పూజ నవరాత్రులలోనే బ్రహ్మోత్సవాలను జరపటం.



ybrao-a-donkey's humble perceptions वैबीराव गधे के विनम्र अनुशीलनाएँ और भावनाएँ వైబీరావు గాడిద వినమ్ర అభిప్రాయాలు

This temple seems to have been controlled by all the four sects i.e. Jains, Saivaites, ShaktEyas, KartikEya, and finally has come under the control of Vaishnavas with Bukka Raya and subsequent Vijayanagar kings, Nayaka Kings.

This temple originally seems to have belonged to Shepherds (gollas and kurubas-kurumas ), in other words a pastoral and folk temple. This aspect will be taken up in Part 4.


 (To continue).

Monday, May 18, 2015

511 Part 2 of Tirumala Venkateswara, Veerabhadra, Neminatha भाग २ तिरुमल वेंकटेश्वर, वीरभद्र, नेमीनाथ, భాగం 2 తిరుమల శ్రీవేంకటేశ్వర, వీరభద్ర, నేమీనాథ.



Clarification: No illwill intended against any caste/community/sect/sub-religion/cult/clan/religion. Kindly tolerate and bear with me.

In the part I, (post No. 508), I have quoted from the book of Shri Survarapu Pratapa Reddy, Social History of Andhras, and from Shripati panditA, a Kakatiya period author i.e. 12th and 13th Century author of Srikara BhAshyam. From that evidence, there was an indication, that Venkateswara's idol and temple at Tirumala-Tirupati was a Veerabhadra Temple. Veerabhadra was another form of Lord Shiva.

Link to Part 1: http://problemsoftelugus.blogspot.com/search/label/508.



STORY OF VEERABHADRA
The story of Veerabhadra is a part of Daksha's Sacrifice. Story Briefly: Daksha was first father-in-law of Lord Shiva. Daksha's daughter was 'Sati'. Sati married Shiva, against the wishes of her father. Once when Daksha came, Shiva didn't get up, though he was a son-in-law, and was expected to show courtesy towards his father-in-law. Daksha took it as an insult to him from his son-in-law, and commenced a big sacrifice, to which he didnot deliberately invite Shiva. Daksha's daughter, much against the wishes of her husband Shiva, attended the sacrifice, uninvited. Daksha, seeing his daughter, uninvited got furious. An oral verbal altercation took place between them, and unable to bear insult from her father, Sati self-generated a fire (this is called yoga - agni) and self-immolated herself. Hearing of the untimely death of his wife, Shiva came to the sacrificial arena. Seeing the ghastly scene at Daksha's place, Shiva got enraged, plucked a small hair from his head and dropped it on the ground, from which arose the Great God Veerabhadra. Veera = warrior, valiant; bhadra = secure. Veerabhadra beheaded Daksha. Broke the teeth of Lord Vishnu. Subdued every God present there, including Brahma and Indra. At the request of sages and Daksha's wailing wife, Veerabhadra fixed a goat's head to Daksha's neck and revived him. From then, Daksha did not disrespect Shiva. What happened to Shiva then, is a separate longer story.

Question: There is a claim, that Tirumala Tirupati Venkateswara Temple belonged to Jains. This discussion, you can see at: Click .

Reply

Ans: The discussion there, seems to have a little unilaterality in it. For example, they have not mentioned about Veerabhadra. This seems to be because, the blogger seems to be a Jain follower. The blog attracted 43 comments, most of which supported him.

One of such comments by one reader by Shri Krishna Rao S.T. is valuable and worth examining, I am quoting it:-

Krishna Rao. S T said... i am Hindu historian I ve read a old inscription named "bukkaraya sandi" available with archaeological dept. Karnataka. (you can visit city central library at bangalore for the copy)This is originally an agreement between jains and vaishnavas in 14th century stating jains have to leave thirumala neminath temple to vaishnavas and vaishnavas will not destroy Shravanabelagola bahubali statue as a good gesture. otherwise king buukkaraya (one of the founder of vijayanagar Empire?)will punish all jains in his kingdom ..... June 26, 2012 at 4:21 AM

Buddhist Shrine?



There is also another claim. Here is a link to a pdf book which says that "Tirupati Balaji was a Buddhist Shrine, by K. Jamanadas". This book has some quotations from Late Shri B.R. Ambedkar.
Click to download pdf book


ybrao a donkey's comment about Tirupati Temple being a Buddhist shrine: This book needs in depth studies. Prima facie the arguments given in the book, as far as Tirumala-Tirupati are concerned, do not provide things of solid evidence. ‎

ybrao a donkey's comment about Tirupati shrine being a JAIN / Buddhist shrine


I could not procure a copy of the Bukkaraya Sandhi, mentioned to have seen by Shri Krishna Rao above, either from Archaeology Dept., Karnataka, or City Central Library, Bangalore. I request any of interested readers to upload a scanned copy of this Bukkaraya Sandhi to internet, and place a link to it, in the comments section below.

The explanation that Tirupati Jain Neminath Temple was handed over to Ramanuja Vaishnavas, in exchange for royal patronage and protection to Shravana Belagola GomaThEswar Temple is understandable.


But the idol of Shri Venkateswara does not seem to have the features of a Jain idol , whereas it seems to have features of a Shaiva idol-- viz. third eye, serpant, hairlocks, a Shiva linga below hands. TTD authorities have prohibited photography or video-filming in the sanctum sanctorum.


 The priests seem to attribute a funny reason: A photographed, the idol loses its divine protective qualities. This does not appear to stand reason. All over the country, most prayer houses allow photographs and video-filming of the chief idol/shiva lingam of the temple. None of them seem to suffer any gain or loss from the photographs and video-filming. Recently, I have seen one such live TV relay of the proceedings of the bathing ceremony of Lord Vishwanath, Kasi (Varanasi).

Humans are not losing their powers of intellect or any other capabilities, faculties when they get photographed.  How can then Gods, who are supposed to be superhuman, lose their powers by human actions?


Human can neither empower Gods or un-power Gods, if Gods exist conforming to  the general definition of Gods as creators-protectors-and destroyers of all the cosmos, including humans.   Humans are too small-a-fry(ies) to empower Gods.  This idea, we can probably apply even to samprokshaNams (cleansing a place with sacred water and sacred chants) during grahaNams (eclipses).



By not agreeing to photo/video of the original deity or at least to show it to an Independent Committee, the Temple Administration, Priests, Monks will be giving room to believe that the claims of Jains, Buddhists, Saivaites could be true.


Just as "the richest person" does not mean the "greatest person" in the world, "richest God" need not mean the "Greatest God".


Of course there is no definition of Greatness. It is an attribute which has no dimensions, form, color, smell etc. and defies definition. 


We have to keep in mind that, except one or two scriptures, other scriptures do not have any references to God Venkateswara.  Most scriptures refer only to VishNu, his ten incarnations (why Venkateswara was not included as the 10th incarnation in the place of Kalki?) , Siva and many other deities, but never to Lord Venkateswara (Veerabhadra is also not very popular in many scriptures and in many temples of India, including Siva and Shakti temples).


COVERING FOREHEAD OF SHRI VENKATESWARA WITH VERY LARGE V OR U SIGN
The forehead of the deity is always covered with VishNu's nAmam (V or U sign). Chest is also, always covered with many ornaments. Besides, the idol does not contain the essential features of traditional Vishnu idols found all over the country. Particularly, the Conch (Sankham) and Disc (Chakram) are conspicuous by their absence in the original stone idol.  These two are being added by getting them made with gold.


EXPLANATION STORY FOR ABSENCE OF CONCH & DISC (SANKHAM & CHAKRAM)
A book by name Venkatachala Mahatmyam SAYS, that Venkateswara gave his weapons to King TonDaman, to enable them to use against his (Tondaman's)  enemies.


This story does not appear to be tenable, because of questions like

a) Do Gods need weapons like disc, at all?  Gods by their very thoughts, they should be able to destroy enemies including Malik Kafer, Mohammed Ghazni, Mohammed Ghori,  Ghiyazuddin Tuglack, Robert Clive, Warren Hastings, Bussey, Vasco De Gama.  No need to send discs.


b) Even if Gods want to give some weapons to their devotees, and Gods need weapons, such weapons can be "multi-present", i.e. present at several places at a time, like Lord Krishna who was said to have simultaneously resided in the gynesia of all his eight wives!


Yoga VASishTham also speaks of , one soul taking rebirth in two different bodies (one soul need not confine itself to only one body.).    Same way one weapon need not confine itself to only one place.

If this argument is not correct, what Lord Venkateswara would have done, had Muslims invaded his temple during Malik Kafer period or during Vijayanagara period?  Would he have run to Tondaman, keeping the Muslims waiting at the Main Gate,  entreating Tondaman to return his conch and disc or alternatively defend the Temple?




TTD authorities, if they believe in the concept of Satyam (truth and dharmam), have to, at least once show a washed  bare and unadorned idol of the God to a Committee of independent- respectable persons, which includes one representative from Saiva culture, one representative from Buddhist culture, one representative from Jaina culture. This verification, will once for all, close all imaginary hypothetical questions.


Right now, I can present one view: Near Tirupati, there is a great place called Kancheepuram, which includes a Shiva Kanchi, a VishNu Kanchi, and a Jaina Kanchi, a Triveni Sangamam like confluence of all the three cultures. There is a temple called Tiruparutikundram, Jina Kanchi on the South-Western peripheries of Kancheepuram. This place has Jain temples for Chandraprabha and Vardhaman Mahavir. At this place, there might have existed a temple for the 22nd Tirdhankar Neminath also. Tirupati might not have been a Jain Temple.

Another possibility:  As Jain culture was a non-violent culture, Saivaites might have occupied the shrine and installed a statue of Veerabhadra in the place of Neminath.  But this possibility may not be correct, because the Tirupati Temple structure, sculpture, do not reflect a Jain culture.

Note: This is not a devotional blog. No need of praising me. Abuses are welcome. (To continue, with more information).


TAIL PIECE
As per news reports, The Chief Information Commissioner or the concerned Union Ministry, are said to be unable to define the words "Satyam" (Truth) and Isvar (or Eswar) (Supreme God), in response to a query under RTI Act. The Chief Information Commissioner, as per the reports, is said to have re-asked the question to the applicant, who also could not define it. Strange , isn't it?



ybrao-a-donkey's humble perceptions वैबीराव गधे के विनम्र अनुशीलनाएँ और भावनाएँ వైబీరావు గాడిద వినమ్ర అభిప్రాయాలు

Of course law may not be able to define Satyam and Isvar.  But then, according to Jurisprudence, the duty of the Court is to find out truth!  Lawyers are also employees of court to assist it, though paid for their services by clients.  They are not employees of court.  Mr. Madabhushi Sridharacharya is a reputed Lawyer and was a Law Professor.   He has to clarify how, a Court will find truth, without having a definition of Satyam (truth?).

Truth and Facts do not vary.  Facts are part of the Satyam, and they constitute the truth (Satyam).  Therefore, it may not be correct to say that Satyam-truth is not definable.  Probably Isvar (God) may not be definable.  But for the purpose of analyses, we can take the generally accepted definition of God , all over the world.  Actually there are not many disputes about the definition of God.  There are disputes about whose God is great, and whose God is pagan, and who are KAffirs, mlechchas.
 

Both Satyam and Iswar are same. "Sat" means what is eternal, permanent, and everlasting.  Iswar is a part of the Satyam.  Iswar cannot be independent of Satyam.  By its indestructibility, Satyam becomes capable of including Isvar in itself.  If Isvar holds all the worlds in his tummy (this is figurative usage)--Isvar has no tummy, Satyam possesses Isvar (if he-she exists at all) within itself.


 Telugu Potana's following verse (Sanskrit SlOka may be available in Mahabhagavata, we have to search, I shall take it up later).

Verse 75, Chapter 3, Canto 8, of Andhra MahabhAgavata of Bammera Potanamatya

lOkambulu lOkESulu
lOkasthulu tegina tudi alOkambagu pen
chIkaTi kavvala evvadu
EkAkriti velungu ataDi nE bhajiyintun. 8-3-75

English gist: After the destruction of these worlds, the rulers of these worlds, the residents of these worlds, are all destroyed (in the apocalypse), beyond the darkness that pervades everywhere, who glows with a single glow, I pray and worship him. This particular verse highlights the characteristic of eternal nature of Satyam and ISvar.

There are nearly ten other verses which try to define Isvar. Though these ten verses do not provide a perfect definition of Isvar (God), they give a reasonable indication of the Almighty. (Note: As an atheist and Marxist, I do not believe.)

The foremost of these is the verse:--

Evvani cE janimcu jagamu, evvani lOpala nundu lInamai,
evvani yandu dindu, paramEsvaru DevvaDu, mUlakAraNam
bevvaDu, anAdi madhya layuDevvaDu, sarvamu tAne aina vA
DevvaDu vAnin Atma bhavun, IsvarunE SaraNambu vEDedan.

From whom is this world born, in whom does this world remains (well protected),
into whom it will get merged, who is the Greatest of all the Gods, who is the foremost reason for this creation,
who has no beginning, middle and end, who is everything (omnipresent, the word VishNu also conveys this meaning of all pervasiveness),
Him, who is born in one's own self & soul, I take refuge in that God.

This is not just a wailing of an elephant (gajEndra). Through him, Potana expressed his clarity of mind about the God. In today's world of digital photography and internet, we want photos for everything. Actually, sometimes, even words can define with equal efficiency something which photos can depict, with seeming accuracy. Of course, both photos and words can mislead. But let us not doubt the sincerity of POtanAmAtya.



(Incomplete).   Shall complete shortly.  शीघ्र संपूर्ण करने के लिये कोशिश करता हूँ। త్వరలో పూర్తి చేస్తాను.

From Post Nos. 001 to 500

1      |      2      |      3      |      4      |      5      |      6      |      7      |      8      |      9      |      10      |      11      |      12      |      13      |      14      |      15      |      16      |      17      |      18      |      19      |      20      |     
21      |      22      |      23      |      24      |      25      |      26      |      27      |      28      |      29      |      30      |      31      |      32      |      33      |      34      |      35      |      36      |      37      |      38      |      39      |      40      |     
41      |      42      |      43      |      44      |      45      |      46      |      47      |      48      |      49      |      50      |      51      |      52      |      53      |      54      |      55      |      56      |      57      |      58      |      59      |      60      |     
61      |      62      |      63      |      64      |      65      |      66      |      67      |      68      |      69      |      70      |      71      |      72      |      73      |      74      |      75      |      76      |      77      |      78      |      79      |      80      |     
81      |      82      |      83      |      84      |      85      |      86      |      87      |      88      |      89      |      90      |     
91      |      92      |      93      |      94      |      95      |      96      |      97      |      98      |      99      |      100      |     

101      |      102      |      103      |      104      |      105      |      106      |      107      |      108      |      109      |      110      |      111      |      112      |      113      |      114      |      115      |      116      |      117      |      118      |      119      |      120      |     
121      |      122      |      123      |      124      |      125      |      126      |      127      |      128      |      129      |      130      |      131      |      132      |      133      |      134      |      135      |      136      |      137      |      138      |      139      |      140      |     
141      |      142      |      143      |      144      |      145      |      146      |      147      |      148      |      149      |      150      |      151      |      152      |      153      |      154      |      155      |      156      |      157      |      158      |      159      |      160      |     
161      |      162      |      163      |      164      |      165      |      166      |      167      |      168      |      169      |      170      |      171      |      172      |      173      |      174      |      175      |      176      |      177      |      178      |      179      |      180      |     
181      |      182      |      183      |      184      |      185      |      186      |      187      |      188      |      189      |      190      |      191      |      192      |      193      |      194      |      195      |      196      |      197      |      198      |      199      |      200      |     

201      |      202      |      203      |      204      |      205      |      206      |      207      |      208      |      209      |      210      |      211      |      212      |      213      |      214      |      215      |      216      |      217      |      218      |      219      |      220      |     
221      |      222      |      223      |      224      |      225      |      226      |      227      |      228      |      229      |      230      |      231      |      232      |      233      |      234      |      235      |      236      |      237      |      238      |      239      |      240      |     
241      |      242      |      243      |      244      |      245      |      246      |      247      |      248      |      249      |      250      |      251      |      252      |      253      |      254      |      255      |      256      |      257      |      258      |      259      |      260      |     
261      |      262      |      263      |      264      |      265      |      266      |      267      |      268      |      269      |      270      |      271      |      272      |      273      |      274      |      275      |      276      |      277      |      278      |      279      |      280      |     
281      |      282      |      283      |      284      |      285      |      286      |      287      |      288      |      289      |      290      |      291      |      292      |      293      |      294      |      295      |      296      |      297      |      298      |      299      |      300      |     

301      |      302      |      303      |      304      |      305      |      306      |      307      |      308      |      309      |      310      |      311      |      312      |      313      |      314      |      315      |      316      |      317      |      318      |      319      |      320      |     
321      |      322      |      323      |      324      |      325      |      326      |      327      |      328      |      329      |      330      |      331      |      332      |      333      |      334      |      335      |      336      |      337      |      338      |      339      |      340      |     
341      |      342      |      343      |      344      |      345      |      346      |      347      |      348      |      349      |      350      |      351      |      352      |      353      |      354      |      355      |      356      |      357      |      358      |      359      |      360      |     
361      |      362      |      363      |      364      |      365      |      366      |      367      |      368      |      369      |      370      |      371      |      372      |      373      |      374      |      375      |      376      |      377      |      378      |      379      |      380      |     
381      |      382      |      383      |      384      |      385      |      386      |      387      |      388      |      389      |      390      |      391      |      392      |      393      |      394      |      395      |      396      |      397      |      398      |      399      |      400      |     
401      |      402      |      403      |      404      |      405      |      406      |      407      |      408      |      409      |      410      |      411      |      412      |      413      |      414      |      415      |      416      |      417      |      418      |      419      |      420      |     
421      |      422      |      423      |      424      |      425      |      426      |      427      |      428      |      429      |      430      |      431      |      432      |      433      |      434      |      435      |      436      |      437      |      438      |      439      |      440      |     
441      |      442      |      443      |      444      |      445      |      446      |      447      |      448      |      449      |      450      |      451      |      452      |      453      |      454      |      455      |      456      |      457      |      458      |      459      |      460      |     
461      |      462      |      463      |      464      |      465      |      466      |      467      |      468      |      469      |      470      |      471      |      472      |      473      |      474      |      475      |      476      |      477      |      478      |      479      |      480      |     
481      |      482      |      483      |      484      |      485      |      486      |      487      |      488      |      489      |      490      |      491      |      492      |      493      |      494      |      495      |      496      |      497      |      498      |      499      |      500      |     
Remaining 500 posts are at the bottom. మిగిలిన 500 పోస్టులు (501 to 1000) క్రింది భాగంలో ఉన్నాయి. बाकी ५०० पोस्ट् निम्न भाग में है।


501 to 1000 Post Nos. here.

Post Nos. 1 to 500 are at the top.
501      |      502      |      503      |      504      |      505      |      506      |      507      |      508      |      509      |      510      |      511      |      512      |      513      |      514      |      515      |      516      |      517      |      518      |      519      |      520      |     
521      |      522      |      523      |      524      |      525      |      526      |      527      |      528      |      529      |      530      |      531      |      532      |      533      |      534      |      535      |      536      |      537      |      538      |      539      |      540      |     
541      |      542      |      543      |      544      |      545      |      546      |      547      |      548      |      549      |      550      |      551      |      552      |      553      |      554      |      555      |      556      |      557      |      558      |      559      |      560      |     
561      |      562      |      563      |      564      |      565      |      566      |      567      |      568      |      569      |      570      |      571      |      572      |      573      |      574      |      575      |      576      |      577      |      578      |      579      |      580      |     
581      |      582      |      583      |      584      |      585      |      586      |      587      |      588      |      589      |      590      |      591      |      592      |      593      |      594      |      595      |      596      |      597      |      598      |      599      |      600      |     


601      |      602      |      603      |      604      |      605      |      606      |      607      |      608      |      609      |      610      |      611      |      612      |      613      |      614      |      615      |      616      |      617      |      618      |      619      |      620      |     
621      |      622      |      623      |      624      |      625      |      626      |      627      |      628      |      629      |      630      |      631      |      632      |      633      |      634      |      635      |      636      |      637      |      638      |      639      |      640      |     
641      |      642      |      643      |      644      |      645      |      646      |      647      |      648      |      649      |      650      |      651      |      652      |      653      |      654      |      655      |      656      |      657      |      658      |      659      |      660      |     
661      |      662      |      663      |      664      |      665      |      666      |      667      |      668      |      669      |      670      |      671      |      672      |      673      |      674      |      675      |      676      |      677      |      678      |      679      |      680      |     
681      |      682      |      683      |      684      |      685      |      686      |      687      |      688      |      689      |      690      |      691      |      692      |      693      |      694      |      695      |      696      |      697      |      698      |      699      |      700      |     


701      |      702      |      703      |      704      |      705      |      706      |      707      |      708      |      709      |      710      |      711      |      712      |      713      |      714      |      715      |      716      |      717      |      718      |      719      |      720      |     
721      |      722      |      723      |      724      |      725      |      726      |      727      |      728      |      729      |      730      |      731      |      732      |      733      |      734      |      735      |      736      |      737      |      738      |      739      |      740      |     
741      |      742      |      743      |      744      |      745      |      746      |      747      |      748      |      749      |      750      |      751      |      752      |      753      |      754      |      755      |      756      |      757      |      758      |      759      |      760      |     
761      |      762      |      763      |      764      |      765      |      766      |      767      |      768      |      769      |      770      |      771      |      772      |      773      |      774      |      775      |      776      |      777      |      778      |      779      |      780      |     
781      |      782      |      783      |      784      |      785      |      786      |      787      |      788      |      789      |      790      |      791      |      792      |      793      |      794      |      795      |      796      |      797      |      798      |      799      |      800      |     

801      |      802      |      803      |      804      |      805      |      806      |      807      |      808      |      809      |      810      |      811      |      812      |      813      |      814      |      815      |      816      |      817      |      818      |      819      |      820      |     
821      |      822      |      823      |      824      |      825      |      826      |      827      |      828      |      829      |      830      |      831      |      832      |      833      |      834      |      835      |      836      |      837      |      838      |      839      |      840      |     
841      |      842      |      843      |      844      |      845      |      846      |      847      |      848      |      849      |      850      |      851      |      852      |      853      |      854      |      855      |      856      |      857      |      858      |      859      |      860      |     
861      |      862      |      863      |      864      |      865      |      866      |      867      |      868      |      869      |      870      |      871      |      872      |      873      |      874      |      875      |      876      |      877      |      878      |      879      |      880      |     
881      |      882      |      883      |      884      |      885      |      886      |      887      |      888      |      889      |      890      |      891      |      892      |      893      |      894      |      895      |      896      |      897      |      898      |      899      |      900      |     


901      |      902      |      903      |      904      |      905      |      906      |      907      |      908      |      909      |      910      |      911      |      912      |      913      |      914      |      915      |      916      |      917      |      918      |      919      |      920      |     
921      |      922      |      923      |      924      |      925      |      926      |      927      |      928      |      929      |      930      |      931      |      932      |      933      |      934      |      935      |      936      |      937      |      938      |      939      |      940      |     
941      |      942      |      943      |      944      |      945      |      946      |      947      |      948      |      949      |      950      |      951      |      952      |      953      |      954      |      955      |      956      |      957      |      958      |      959      |      960      |     
961      |      962      |      963      |      964      |      965      |      966      |      967      |      968      |      969      |      970      |      971      |      972      |      973      |      974      |      975      |      976      |      977      |      978      |      979      |      980      |     
981      |      982      |      983      |      984      |      985      |      986      |      987      |      988      |      989      |      990      |      991      |      992      |      993      |      994      |      995      |      996      |      997      |      998      |      999      |      1000      |     

From 1001 (In gradual progress)

1001      |      1002      |      1003      |      1004      |      1005      |      1006      |      1007      |      1008      |      1009      |     
1010      |           |     
1011      |      1012      |      1013      |      1014      |      1015      |     
1016      |      1017      |      1018      |      1019      |      1020      |     


1021      |      1022      |      1023      |      1024      |      1025      |     
1026      |      1027      |      1028      |      1029      |      1030      |     


     |      1031      |           |      1032      |           |      1033      |           |      1034      |           |      1035      |           |      1036      |      1037      |      1038      |      1039      |      1040      |     


     |      1041      |      1042      |      1043      |           |      1044      |           |      1045      |     


     |      1046      |      1047      |      1048      |           |      1049      |           |      1050      |     

     |      1051      |      1052      |      1053      |           |      1054      |           |      1055      |     
     |      1056      |      1057      |      1058      |           |      1059      |           |      1060      |     
     |      1061      |      1062      |      1063      |           |      1064      |           |      1065      |     
     |      1066      |      1067      |      1067      |      1068      |      1069      |      1069      |      1070      |     
     |      1071      |      1072      |      1073      |      1074      |      1075      |      1076      |     
1077      |      1078      |      1079      |      1080      |     
     |      1081      |      1082      |      1083      |      1084      |      1085      |      1086      |     
1087      |      1088      |      1089      |      1090      |     
     |      1091      |      1092      |      1093      |      1094      |      1095      |      1096      |     
1097      |      1098      |      1099      |      1100      |     
     |      1101      |      1102      |      1103      |      1104      |      1105      |      1106      |     
1107      |      1108      |      1109      |      1110      |